學測考點
as + 名詞(介系詞)
「作為、身為」
- as a shy boy afraid of making public appearances
- as a child
- as a teenager
- worked as a freelance illustrator
- hired as an illustrator
- started as an amateur art designer
serve / act / function / work as…
「擔任、作為」
- serve as a major source of water supply
- serves as a proof that synesthesia is real
- serve as a powerful
- serve as therapy for the mother
- serving as a support
- work as a healing device
- act as cleaners for other fish
- function as shelters
- functioned as a funeral offering
be known / referred to / regarded / viewed as…
「被稱為、被視為」
- known as a pod hotel
- referred to as secret shoppers
- regarded as a good sign
- regarded by many as the greatest American painter
- portrayed as the most alcohol-dependent country
- viewed the kidnapping as a wonderful camping trip
- viewed as a waste product
- universally seen as lucky
- voted as one of the world's top five performance groups
- known locally as nopal
as well / as well as
「也」/「以及」
- influenced as well
- help as well
- America as well
- desalination as well
- taxed as well
- as well as observations
as + 子句(隨著、當)
「隨著、當…時」:as 引導時間子句
- as they moved from one table to another
- as the years have passed by
- as digital reading is changing our traditional way of reading
- as they grow older and lose their baby fat
- as the melody repeats
- as the world population continues to grow
- as tea became much cheaper
- as their feet grow
- as it drifted north
- as he was f
- as the wearer brings the food
as + 子句(因為)
「因為」:as 引導原因子句
- as blood supplies have fallen to a critically low level
- as most fashion critics considered it ugly
- popular as it offers a variety
- as rivers were believed to flow downward
- as numerous new restaurants and shops have sprung up
as…as…(同等比較)
「和…一樣…」
- as expressive as speech
- as shiny and smooth as velvet
- as fun as playing fetch
- as simple as standing up
- just as effective as a ha
- not as cold as usual
- not as easy as removing salt
- not the same as the paperclips
as many / high / early / long / soon as…
「多達… / …那麼多」:as + 形容詞或副詞 + as
- as many unusual creatures as p
- as many as 25 doctor visits
- as high as 19%
- as early as 1000 BC
- as long as there is a demand
- as long as the children are willing to sing
- as soon as a child receives shoes
- as quickly as they could
- as often as possible
as much…as…
「和…一樣多」:as much…as…
- as much a part of
- as much related to government inaction as the
- quite as much as the ancient Egypti
as if
「彷彿」(as if, by singing)
as for / as promised / as predicted
「至於 / 如所承諾 / 如預測」:as 後面接 for 或過去分詞
- as for our neighbors
- as promised
- as predicted
as is often observed / as remarked by / as recommended by
「正如…」:as 引導的副詞子句,補充說明前面內容的出處或情況
- as is often observed
- as remarked by Karen Blixen
- as recommended by World Hea
- as we do today
- as it does on zebrafish
as a way of / as a precaution
「作為…的方式 / 作為預防措施」:as 後面接名詞片語(as a way of helpi、as a precaution)
V + O + as + 名詞
「把 O 當作…」:V + O + as + 名詞
- establish photojournalism as an art
- replaced rice straw as the major material
- qualified as extra virgin
- ends up as waste
- established as national
- used as its materials
- use tea plantations as landmarks
- used it as a tool for workout
as the name literally means
「如名稱字面所說」:as the name literally means(as the name literal)
as a result
「因此、結果」:固定說法,連接前後兩件事的因果(as a result, the astronauts、as a result were unable)
學測原句
每個學測考點各列 1–2 句,想看全部的學測原句,請按下方的按鈕。
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段In addition, the songs are seemingly trying to work some magic—as if, by singing, the mother is saying, “Sadness has already touched this house; no need to come by again.”此外,這些歌似乎是想施一點魔法,彷彿母親藉由唱歌在說:「悲傷已經碰過這個家,不需要再來了。」
- in addition:「此外」
- seemingly:「似乎」
- work some magic:「施展魔法」
- as if:「彷彿」
- by singing:「藉由唱歌」
- touch:這裡是「碰觸、侵擾」
- no need to V:「不需要…」,前面省略 there is
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段King Henry V of England is credited with having invented the first true passport, as a way of helping his subjects prove who they were in foreign lands.英格蘭國王亨利五世被認為發明了第一本真正的護照,作為幫助子民在外國證明身分的方法。
- be credited with…:「被認為有…的功勞」
- prove who they were:「證明自己是誰」
- 背景:亨利五世(Henry V)是 15 世紀初的英格蘭國王。
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Even when tests came back negative, more were ordered, and she was hospitalized as a precaution when she developed a cold.即使檢驗結果是陰性,還是會再開更多檢驗,她感冒時甚至為了預防而住院。
- come back negative:「結果是陰性」
- hospitalize:「使住院」
- as a precaution:「作為預防措施」
- develop a cold:「感冒」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The small portions were designed to merely "touch the heart," as the name literally means, and as such were first enjoyed as snacks.小份量的設計原本只是要「點到心頭」(這正是「點心」兩字的字面意思),所以一開始是當作小吃享用。
- portion:「一份的份量」
- be designed to V:「被設計來…」
- merely:「只是」,比 only 正式
- as the name literally means:「正如名字的字面意思」,literal「字面的」
- as such:「因此、作為這樣的食物」,承接前面說的小份量設計
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段As a result, the astronauts have swollen, puffy faces, very much resembling that of the round-headed Charlie Brown in the famous comic strip.結果,太空人的臉會又腫又浮,非常像知名漫畫裡圓頭的查理布朗。
- as a result:「結果」
- swollen:「腫的」,swell 的過去分詞
- resemble:「很像」,及物動詞,後面不加 to
- that of…:that 指 face
- comic strip:「連環漫畫」
- 背景:Charlie Brown(查理布朗)是美國漫畫《花生漫畫》(Peanuts)的主角,頭圓圓的。
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段This means that ascenders would have their right hand tight against the narrowest part of the staircases, close to the central pole, and as a result were unable to use their sword effectively.這表示往上爬的人右手會緊貼著樓梯最窄的部分、靠近中央柱子,結果沒辦法有效揮劍。
- ascender:「往上爬的人」,ascend + -er
- tight against…:「緊貼著…」,against 是「靠著頂著」,緊緊貼在樓梯最窄的地方,沒有空隙
- as a result:「結果」
- 115 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›As a shy boy afraid of making public appearances, Timmy dreads the thought of speaking before large audiences.Timmy 是個害怕在公開場合露面的害羞男孩,一想到要在一大群聽眾面前說話就害怕。
- public appearance:「公開露面」
- 112 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›He can still vividly describe his first day at school as a child.他到現在還能生動地描述自己小時候上學的第一天。
- 這句和上一句是同一題,空格在上一句(答案 recall);他還能描述童年第一天,所以是「記憶力驚人」
- vividly:「生動地」,vivid 是「鮮明的」
- as a child:「小時候」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段These tropical glaciers serve as a major source of water supply to one-sixth of the world's population.這些熱帶冰河是全球六分之一人口主要的供水來源。
- serve as…:「作為…」
- major source of water supply:「主要的供水來源」
- one-sixth:「六分之一」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段This consistency serves as a proof that synesthesia is real.這種一致性證明了共感覺是真的。
- consistency:「一致性」,consistent 是「前後一致的」
- serve as…:「作為…」
- proof:「證明」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 1 段A capsule hotel, also known as a pod hotel, is a unique type of basic, affordable accommodation.膠囊旅館又稱艙式旅館,是一種獨特的、基本而平價的住宿類型。
- also known as…:「又稱為…」
- pod:「艙」,本義是豆莢,像豆莢一樣的小空間
- affordable:「負擔得起的」,afford 是「負擔得起」
- accommodation:「住宿」,不可數名詞
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Sometimes referred to as secret shoppers, mystery shoppers pose as regular customers to purchase items, eat in restaurants, make inquiries, or return items.神祕客有時也稱為祕密顧客,他們假扮成一般顧客,去購買商品、在餐廳用餐、詢問問題或退貨。
- referred to as…:「被稱為…」,refer to A as B 是「把 A 稱為 B」,這裡是分詞構句
- pose as…:「假扮成…」
- purchase:「購買」,buy 的正式說法
- inquiry:「詢問」,書面用字,一般說 question
- return items:「退貨」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段The amount people smile is culturally influenced as well.人們微笑的多寡也受到文化影響。
- the amount people smile:people smile 是省略 that 的子句,修飾 the amount
- as well:「也」,放句尾
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Looking out into the distance from the vehicle can help as well.從車上望向遠方,也有幫助。
- look out into the distance:「望向遠方」
- can help:「有幫助」,help 在這裡不接受詞
- as well:「也」,放在句尾
- vehicle:「交通工具」,汽車、火車、船的總稱
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段As they moved from one table to another, they noticed new ideas emerging from the discussions.他們從一桌換到另一桌時,注意到新想法從討論中浮現出來。
- notice + 受詞 + V-ing:「注意到…正在…」
- emerge:「浮現」,像東西從水面下冒出來
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›As the years have passed by, many of my childhood memories are already blurring; I can no longer recall clearly what happened back then.隨著歲月流逝,我童年的許多記憶已經變得模糊,我再也無法清楚回想當時發生的事。
- as the years have passed by:「隨著歲月流逝」
- recall:「回想」,re-(回)+ call(叫),把記憶叫回來
- 113 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›As blood supplies have fallen to a critically low level, many hospitals are making an appeal for the public to donate blood.由於血液庫存已降到危急的低水準,許多醫院正呼籲民眾捐血。
- blood supplies:「血液庫存」
- donate:「捐贈」,donate blood 是「捐血」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段As most fashion critics considered it ugly and cheap-looking, the use of Velcro was limited to athletic equipment.由於大多數時尚評論家覺得它又醜又廉價,Velcro 只用在運動用品上。
- consider + 受詞 + 形容詞:「認為…是…」
- be limited to…:「侷限於…」
- athletic equipment:「運動器材」
- 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Silence in some way is as expressive as speech.沉默在某方面和說話一樣有表達力。
- in some way:「在某方面」
- as…as…:「和…一樣…」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇The design was intended to look as shiny and smooth as velvet.這個設計的用意是要看起來像天鵝絨一樣閃亮柔滑。
- be intended to V:「用意是要…」
- 114 學測|混合題|第 1 段While early zoos put emphasis on displaying as many unusual creatures as possible, most modern zoos now focus on conservation and education.早期的動物園著重展示盡可能多的奇特生物,現代多數動物園則把重點放在保育與教育。
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- put emphasis on…:「強調 / 著重…」
- as many… as possible:「盡可能多的…」
- focus on…:「專注於…」
- conservation:「保育」,conserve 是「保存」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period.在某個六個月的期間,她看醫生多達 25 次。
- as many as…:「多達…」
- period:「期間」
- doctor visit:「看醫生」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段In Blixen’s words, “their weapons and finery are as much a part of their being as are a stag’s antlers” (a male deer’s horns).用 Blixen 的話說:「他們的武器和華服,就像雄鹿的鹿角一樣,是他們存在的一部分。」(antlers 指雄鹿的角)
- in one's words:「用某人的話說」
- finery:「華服」
- as much a part of…as…:「和…一樣是…的一部分」
- stag:「雄鹿」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Tropical infections are thus as much related to government inaction as they are to climate.因此,熱帶感染與政府的不作為有關,就如同與氣候有關一樣。
- as much A as B:「A 和 B 一樣…」,這裡是兩者「同樣有關」
- inaction:「不作為」,action(行動)加 in-
- be related to…:「與…有關」
- 108 學測|文意選填|第 2 段As for our neighbors, they liked to invite my father to dinner so that they could tell him stories about their children, parents, friends, and pets.至於我們的鄰居,他們喜歡邀請我父親吃晚餐,這樣就能告訴他關於他們孩子、父母、朋友和寵物的故事。
- as for…:「至於…」
- invite someone to dinner:「邀請某人吃晚餐」
- so that…:「以便…」
- pets:「寵物」
- 115 學測|混合題|第 6 段Yes, at this tiny antique store you can always find, as promised, something different.沒錯,在這家小小的古董店,你總能如店家所承諾的,找到與眾不同的東西。
- as promised:「如同承諾」,插入語
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 5 段As is often observed, most of us tend to associate lower notes with darker colors and higher notes with brighter colors.正如常被觀察到的,我們大多數人傾向把低音和較暗的顏色聯想在一起,把高音和較亮的顏色聯想在一起。
- as is often observed:「如同常被觀察到的」
- tend to V:「傾向…」
- associate A with B:「把 A 和 B 聯想在一起」
- lower notes:「低音」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Their unique style, as remarked by Karen Blixen, author of Out of Africa, “has grown from the inside, and is an expression of the race and its history.”《遠離非洲》的作者 Karen Blixen 評論說,他們獨特的風格「是從內部長出來的,是這個民族及其歷史的表現」。
- as remarked by…:「如…所評論」
- author of…:「…的作者」
- grow from the inside:「從內部長出來」
- expression:「表現」
- race:這裡是「民族」
- 背景:Karen Blixen(凱倫·布利克森)是曾住在肯亞的丹麥作家,《Out of Africa》(遠離非洲)是她的回憶錄。
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段His humane, spontaneous photographs helped establish photojournalism as an art form.他富有人性、自然不造作的照片,協助確立了新聞攝影作為一種藝術形式的地位。
- humane:「有人情味、有同情心的」
- spontaneous:「自然的、未經安排的」
- art form:「藝術形式」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Rubber thus replaced rice straw as the major material for the flip-flop.橡膠因此取代稻草,成為夾腳拖的主要材料。
- replace A as B:「取代 A 成為 B」
- major material:「主要材料」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Why east is referred to as the “Orient.”為什麼東方被稱為 “Orient”。
- be referred to as…:「被稱為…」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Cotton was not durable enough to be used as its materials.棉不夠耐用,不適合當作它的材料。
- enough to V:「足夠…」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Ancient Greeks used it as a tool for workout.古希臘人把它當作運動的工具。
- workout:「運動、健身」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Scientists are testing if the GABA theory works on mice as it does on zebrafish.科學家正在測試 GABA 理論在老鼠身上是否和在斑馬魚身上一樣有效。
- test if…:「測試是否…」
- work on…:「對…有效」
- as it does on zebrafish:it does 代替 works
- mice:「老鼠」,mouse 的複數
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 4 篇Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a fun activity in the park?下列何者沒有被提到是園區裡好玩的活動?
- 試題固定問法:選文章沒提到的;NOT mentioned「沒有被提到」,NOT 大寫是提醒題目問的是反面
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段There are environmental costs of desalination as well.海水淡化也有環境上的代價。
- as well:「也」,放在句尾
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段This meal has become known as “high tea.”這一餐後來被稱為「high tea」。
- has become known as…:「已被稱為…」
- high tea:「傍晚茶(正餐式的茶)」,和 afternoon tea 不同
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段He viewed the kidnapping as a wonderful camping trip.他把綁架當成一場很棒的露營旅行。
- view A as B:「把 A 視為 B」
- kidnapping:「綁架」,kidnap 的名詞
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段This clip is therefore sometimes known as the Gem clip.因此這種夾子有時被稱為 Gem 夾。
- be known as…:「被稱為…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Sailors took the North Star as their final destination.水手把北極星當作他們的最終目的地。
- take A as B:「把 A 當作 B」
- the North Star:「北極星」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段As rivers were believed to flow downward, “up” was therefore south.因為人們認為河流是往下流的,所以「上面」就是南方。
- be believed to V:「被認為會…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 5 段Then, steel spiral staircases as fire escape stairs appeared in many buildings.接著,許多建築物出現了當作逃生梯用的鋼製螺旋梯。
- fire escape:「逃生梯」
- as:「當作」
- 115 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Jane started as an amateur art designer, but now she has a professional studio of her own.Jane 一開始只是業餘的美術設計師,但現在已經擁有自己的專業工作室。
- start as…:「一開始是…」
- of her own:「她自己的」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段It is customary for big groups to enjoy simple dishes together as a joyful social activity.一大群人一起享用簡單的菜餚、當作一項歡樂的社交活動,是很常見的習慣。
- it is customary for someone to V:「某人…是慣例、很常見」,custom「習俗」+ -ary
- social activity:「社交活動」
- 115 學測|混合題(題目)|第 10 段While visiting Wonder Village, the Chen family decide to buy the following items as souvenirs:陳家人造訪 Wonder Village 時,決定買下列物品當紀念品:
- the following:「下列的」
- 115 學測|混合題|第 3 段She sells environmentally friendly items such as reusable bottles, bamboo toothbrushes, and soy candles.她賣的是環保用品,例如可重複使用的瓶子、竹牙刷和大豆蠟燭。
- environmentally friendly:「對環境友善的」,也就是環保
- reusable:「可重複使用的」,re-use-able
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段As many psychologists now point out, this simple gesture is in fact far more complicated than it may appear.正如許多心理學家現在所指出的,這個簡單的動作其實比表面上看起來複雜得多。
- point out:「指出」
- far more… than…:far 用來加強比較
- appear:「看起來」,這裡不是「出現」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 4 段Some studies recommend napping for 20 to 40 minutes, while others point to shorter naps, such as 15 to 20 minutes.有些研究建議小睡 20 到 40 分鐘,另一些則主張更短的小睡,例如 15 到 20 分鐘。
- some…, while others…:「有些…,另有些…」
- recommend + V-ing:「建議做…」
- point to:「指向」,這裡是「主張」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段The next five months, the crew camped out on the pack ice as it drifted north, surviving on penguins, seals, and seaweed.接下來的五個月,船員在浮冰上紮營,隨著浮冰往北漂,靠吃企鵝、海豹和海藻維生。
- camp out:「露營」
- survive on…:「靠…維生」
- as it drifted north:as 表示「同時」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The expansion of European imperialism in the following centuries further established the “north up” practice as the standard.接下來幾個世紀歐洲帝國主義的擴張,更進一步把「北方在上」確立為標準。
- expansion:「擴張」,expand 的名詞
- establish A as B:「把 A 確立為 B」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Teahouse owners therefore began providing bite-sized snacks as an accompaniment, and the tradition of these Cantonese delicacies was born.茶館老闆於是開始提供一口大小的小點心來搭配茶,這項廣東美食的傳統就此誕生。
- bite-sized:「一口大小的」,bite 是「一口」
- accompaniment:「搭配的東西」,accompany「陪伴」的名詞
- delicacy:「美食、佳餚」
- be born:「誕生」,傳統、習俗的起源常用
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 1 段More importantly, smiling and laughter had long been perceived in the society as manifestations of a lack of self-control and good manners.更重要的是,微笑和大笑長期以來在社會上被視為缺乏自制力與教養的表現。
- perceive:「看待、認為」,比 see 正式
- manifestation:「表現」,manifest 是「顯示出來」
- a lack of…:「缺乏…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 5 段In perhaps our most common interaction with maps—the use of GPS systems on our phones and in our cars, directions have ceased to be as important.在我們最常使用地圖的方式——手機和車上的 GPS——裡,方位已經不再那麼重要了。
- interaction with…:「和…互動」;GPS 那一串是同位語,解釋前面的 interaction with maps
- cease to be…:「不再是…」,cease 是 stop 的書面字
- 115 學測|混合題|第 2 段As numerous new restaurants and shops have sprung up in recent years, it has become not only a cultural center but also a unique commercial zone.近年來出現許多新餐廳和商店,它不只是文化中心,也成了獨特的商業區。
- numerous:「很多的」,number 的形容詞
- spring up:「冒出來」(見 115-025)
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,還有 B」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段In many old castles in Europe, visitors often find a fantastic spiral staircase, which provides a captivating focal point as it winds up the building.在歐洲許多古堡裡,遊客常會看到一座漂亮的螺旋梯,它盤旋而上,成為吸引目光的視覺焦點。
- spiral staircase:「螺旋梯」
- focal point:「焦點」,focus 的形容詞是 focal
- captivating:「迷人的」,captive 是「被俘虜的」,captivate 就是把人的注意力「抓住」
- wind:這裡念 /waɪnd/,是「蜿蜒」(也有「纏繞」的意思),過去式 wound,不是名詞「風」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段While in most cultures smiling is associated with positive emotions, in certain cultures the same person can be judged as less intelligent when smiling.雖然在多數文化裡微笑讓人聯想到正面情緒,但在某些文化中,同一個人微笑時反而會被認為比較不聰明。
- while…:「雖然」,帶出對比
- be associated with…:「與…聯想在一起」
- be judged as…:「被評為…」
- 115 學測|混合題|第 4 段Aside from handcrafted beer, the menu boasts hand-made gourmet pizzas such as the Yummy Duck n’ Cheese, loaded with roast duck and, yes, creamy delicious cheese.除了手工啤酒,菜單上還有手工製作的美食披薩,例如「Yummy Duck n' Cheese」,鋪滿烤鴨,沒錯,還有香濃美味的起司。
- aside from…:「除了…以外」
- boast:這裡主詞是菜單,意思是「(有值得誇耀的東西)擁有」,主詞是人時才是「吹噓」
- be loaded with…:「裝滿…」,load 是「裝載」
- creamy:「濃郁如奶油的」,cream + y
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Ample evidences from the Old Testament also suggest that east was at the top of maps in pre-Biblical and Biblical eras, a reason why east is still referred to as the “Orient” today.《舊約聖經》中也有大量證據顯示,聖經時代及其之前,地圖是以東方為上,這也是為什麼東方至今仍被稱為 the Orient。
- ample:「很充足的」
- be referred to as…:「被稱為…」
- , a reason why…:同位語,說明前面整件事是原因;evidence 本來不可數,原文用了 evidences
- 背景:Orient 原指太陽升起的方向,後來用來指東方;orient 當動詞「定方位」也是同一個來源,原本就是「找出東方在哪」。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 1 篇Which paragraph is most suitable to have it as the final sentence?哪一段最適合以這句話作為最後一句?
- 和 114-089 “Here is a sentence…” 是同一題,問那句話放在哪一段最合適
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Russia is widely portrayed as the most alcohol-dependent country in the world.俄羅斯普遍被描繪成全世界最依賴酒精的國家。
- be portrayed as…:「被描繪成…」
- alcohol-dependent:「依賴酒精的」,depend on 是「依靠」
- 114 學測|混合題|第 11 段Like it or not, zoos will continue to exist as long as there is a demand for them.不管你喜不喜歡,只要還有需求,動物園就會繼續存在。
- like it or not:「不管你喜不喜歡」
- as long as…:「只要…」
- a demand for…:「對…的需求」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段Also, you may have to share common facilities (such as bathrooms) with other guests.此外,你可能得和其他客人共用公共設施(例如浴室)。
- share A with B:「和 B 共用 A」
- common:這裡是「共用的」,大家共同擁有
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段There were many sayings about their desire for alcohol, such as “drunk as a German.”當時有許多說法形容他們對酒的渴望,例如「醉得像德國人」。
- saying:「俗語」
- desire for…:「對…的渴望」
- such as…:「例如…」
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The local farmers' market is popular as it offers a variety of fresh seasonal produce to people in the community.這個當地的農夫市集很受歡迎,因為它為社區居民提供各式各樣的新鮮當季農產品。
- produce 當名詞是「農產品」,當動詞是「生產」;名詞重音在第一音節,動詞重音在第二音節
- a variety of…:「各式各樣的…」,後面接複數名詞或不可數名詞
- seasonal:「當季的」,season 是「季節」
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Over centuries, the bells have become a familiar part of life in Paris, where they are known as "the cathedral's voice."數百年來,這些鐘已成為巴黎生活中熟悉的一部分,在當地被稱為「大教堂的聲音」。
- over centuries:「歷經數百年」
- where they are known as…:where 指 Paris,等於 and in Paris they are known as…
- be known as…:「被稱為…」(be known for 才是「以…聞名」)
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段If you are traveling, reserve seats where motion is felt the least, such as the front row of a car or forward cars of a train.如果要旅行,就預訂晃動感最不明顯的座位,例如汽車的前排,或火車的前面車廂。
- where motion is felt the least:「感覺到晃動最少的地方」,the least 是 little 的最高級
- forward cars:「前面的車廂」,這裡的 car 指車廂
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Secondly, as people are drawn into the story, they tend to take the perspective of the characters and rehearse the plot unconsciously.其次,當人們被故事吸引進去,往往會站在角色的角度,無意識地預演劇情。
- secondly:「第二點」,列舉論點用
- be drawn into…:「被吸進…」,draw 是「拉」
- tend to V:「往往會…」
- take the perspective of…:「站在…的角度」
- rehearse:「預演 / 排練」
- plot:「劇情」
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 3 段They have been used to mark the hours of the day, to call the faithful to prayer, and to signal emergency situations such as fires and invasions.它們曾用來報時、召喚信徒祈禱,也用來示警火災與入侵等緊急情況。
- mark the hours:「標示時辰」,就是報時
- the faithful:「信徒」,the + 形容詞表一群人,faith 是「信仰」
- signal:這裡當動詞,「發出信號 / 示警」
- invasion:「入侵」,invade 的名詞
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 2 段In fact, there is documented reference to the ringing of bells even before the cathedral's construction was completed, dating as far back as the 12th century.事實上,早在大教堂完工之前,就有關於鐘聲的文獻紀錄,最早可追溯到 12 世紀。
- documented:「有文件記載的」,document 當名詞是「文件」,當動詞是「記錄」
- reference to…:「提及…」
- construction:「建造」
- date back to…:「追溯到…」,dating as far back as the 12th century 是分詞構句,補充說明
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 3 段They have also rung in times of celebration and of mourning, announcing such events as royal weddings and coronations of kings, as well as funerals of heads of state.在慶祝與哀悼的時刻,鐘聲也會響起,宣告王室婚禮、國王加冕,以及國家元首的喪禮等大事。
- rung:ring 的過去分詞(ring-rang-rung)
- announce:「宣告」
- such events as A and B:「像 A、B 這類事件」
- coronation:「加冕典禮」,crown 是「皇冠」
- head of state:「國家元首」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Guests may enjoy facilities such as free Wi-Fi, mobile charging, and even a soundless alarm system that raises the sleeping guests into a seated position while gradually brightening the lights.客人可以享用免費 Wi-Fi、行動裝置充電,甚至還有無聲鬧鐘系統,會在燈光漸漸變亮的同時,把熟睡的客人升到坐姿。
- facilities:「設施」,這裡用複數
- soundless:「無聲的」,sound + less(沒有)
- raise A into B:「把 A 抬到 B」,raise 是及物動詞,後面要接受詞
- seated position:「坐姿」
- brighten:「變亮」,bright + en(使…)
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Furthermore, watching horror movies can disturb sleep patterns, as the residual fear and anxiety they evoke may keep people awake all night, thus leading to fatigue and irritability the following day.此外,看恐怖片會擾亂睡眠模式,因為它們喚起的殘留恐懼與焦慮,可能讓人整晚睡不著,導致隔天疲倦又易怒。
- residual:「殘留的」
- evoke:「喚起」,把感覺或回憶引出來
- keep + 人 + awake:「讓人醒著」
- irritability:「易怒」,irritate 是「激怒」
- the following day:「隔天」
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段British workers thus relied on a human alarm clock known as a "knocker-up."因此英國工人仰賴一種人形鬧鐘,稱為「敲窗人」(knocker-up)。
- rely on…:「仰賴…」
- known as…:「被稱為…」
- knocker-up:knock 是「敲」,up 是「起來」,就是敲到你起床的人
- 背景:knocker-up 是英國工業革命時期的職業,受雇敲窗把工人叫起床;在某些地方一直到 1970 年代仍有。
- 113 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Artwork created by truly great artists such as Picasso and Monet will no doubt stand the test of time.畢卡索和莫內這類真正偉大的藝術家所創作的作品,無疑將經得起時間的考驗。
- artwork:「藝術作品」,不可數
- created by…:過去分詞,「由…創作的」
- no doubt:「無疑地」
- Picasso 與 Monet:兩位都是著名畫家
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段However, if a predator (such as a fox) is present, the pattern of their flight will change immediately.然而,一旦有掠食者(例如狐狸)出現,牠們的飛行模式就會立刻改變。
- present:這裡是形容詞,「在場的」,a predator is present 是「掠食者出現」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Since the painter’s work appeared, Yellowstone National Park has come to be known as a picturesque wonderland.自從這位畫家的作品問世,黃石國家公園就逐漸被認為是風景如畫的奇境。
- since…, has come to be known as…:「從…以來,逐漸被認為是…」
- picturesque:「風景如畫的」,picture + esque(像…的)
- wonderland:「奇境」,wonder + land
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Dried fish heads and spines are exported to West Africa, where they are used as the base of a protein-rich soup.曬乾的魚頭和魚脊骨被出口到西非,在那裡當作富含蛋白質湯品的基底。
- spine:「脊椎骨」
- export:「出口」,ex-(出)+ port(運送)
- where…:指 West Africa
- base:「基底」
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段They nevertheless caution that a cutback may be necessary, such as running shorter distances or going more slowly.不過他們也提醒,可能需要減量,例如跑短一點的距離,或放慢速度。
- nevertheless:「儘管如此」,副詞
- caution that…:「提醒…」,caution 當動詞
- cutback:「縮減」,cut back 是砍回去、減少
- such as…:「例如…」
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Sometimes these shoppers collect data about their "normal" observations, such as cleanliness of the store or timeliness of the service.有時這些神祕客會蒐集他們「一般」觀察到的資料,例如店內的整潔程度或服務的準時程度。
- observation:「觀察所得」
- cleanliness:「整潔」,clean + ness
- timeliness:「準時 / 及時」,timely 是「及時的」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 3 篇Here is a sentence: “Almost nothing of a fish is left for the trash bin.” Which paragraph is most suitable to have it as the final sentence?這裡有一句話:「魚幾乎沒有任何部分會被丟進垃圾桶。」哪一段最適合以這句話作為最後一句?
- 這題要把一句話放回文章,找出它最適合接在哪一段後面
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段While the practice continued in some parts of the country until the 1970s, it declined as alarm clocks became more widespread and affordable.雖然這種做法在國內某些地方一直延續到 1970 年代,但隨著鬧鐘越來越普及、越來越買得起,它就逐漸衰退了。
- while:這裡表讓步,「雖然」
- practice:這裡是「做法 / 習慣」
- decline:「衰退」
- widespread:「普及的」,wide + spread
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Moran’s watercolors—the first color renderings of the area—as well as Jackson’s photos and the survey results were presented to the Congress.Moran 的水彩畫是這個地區最早的彩色描繪,連同 Jackson 的照片與勘查結果,一併呈交給國會。
- rendering:「描繪 / 呈現」,render 是「呈現」
- Moran’s watercolors…were presented:主詞 watercolors 是複數,所以動詞用 were;as well as 後面只是補充,不影響動詞
- be presented to…:「被呈交給…」
- the Congress:「國會」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Cod skin, for example, is made into calcium supplement and energy drinks, and even as material for skin transplantation as in Oddsson’s case.例如,鱈魚皮被製成鈣片和能量飲料,甚至像 Oddsson 的例子一樣,當作皮膚移植的材料。
- be made into…:「被製成…」(be made of 是「由…做成」,方向相反)
- calcium supplement:「鈣補充劑」
- as in…:「就像…那樣」
- case:「例子 / 個案」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Showing great talent in painting, Moran was soon hired as an illustrator at Scribner’s Monthly, and later appointed chief illustrator by age 34.Moran 展現出極高的繪畫天分,很快受雇為《Scribner’s Monthly》的插畫家,最遲在 34 歲時已獲任命為首席插畫家。
- showing…:分詞構句,表示原因
- talent:「天分」
- appoint:「任命」
- chief:「首席的」
- by age 34:「到 34 歲時」
- 背景:Scribner’s Monthly 是 19 世紀美國的圖文雜誌。
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段Normally, the birds enjoy a smooth flight together as a group when “commuting” between two locations, such as from their nesting site to their feeding ground.平常這些鳥「通勤」於兩個地點之間時,例如從築巢處到覓食地,會以群體一起平穩飛行。
- smooth:「平穩的」
- commute:「通勤」,加引號是因為鳥不是真的上班
- nesting site:「築巢處」
- feeding ground:「覓食地」
- such as…:「例如…」
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Their consensus, however, is that unless the injury involves something as serious as a broken bone or a ripped muscle, moderate exercise can actually speed healing.不過他們的共識是:除非傷勢嚴重到像骨折或肌肉撕裂,否則適度運動其實能加速癒合。
- consensus:「共識」,大家意見一致
- involve:「牽涉到」
- ripped:「撕裂的」,rip 是「撕」
- speed:這裡當動詞,「加速」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 1 段Over the years, people have been curious about the way they deal with disturbances arising from the environment, and the operations underlying their responses as a group.多年來,人們一直很好奇,牠們如何應付來自環境的干擾,以及牠們作為一個群體做出反應時背後的運作方式。
- over the years:「多年來」
- be curious about…:「對…好奇」
- disturbance:「干擾」
- arising from…:「由…產生的」
- the way (that) they deal with…:「牠們處理…的方式」
- underlying:「背後的」,under + lie(躺),躺在下面看不到
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段His vivid paintings brought the splendor of the extraordinary landscapes before the eyes of American people, thus setting the stage for the regions to be widely recognized and officially established as national parks.他生動的畫作,把這些非凡風景的壯麗帶到美國人眼前,因而為這些地區被廣泛認識、並正式設立為國家公園鋪好了路。
- extraordinary:「非凡的」,extra-(超出)+ ordinary(普通)
- bring A before the eyes of…:「把 A 呈現在…眼前」
- set the stage for…:「為…鋪路」,舞台搭好,事情才能上演
- recognize:「認可」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段They threw, jumped, and slung them around their bodies as we do today.他們會拋圈、跳圈,也會把圈甩繞在身上,就像我們今天一樣。
- sling:「甩、投擲」
- around their bodies:「繞著他們的身體」
- as we do today:do 代替 throw, jump, and sling
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Hoops spun their way through the cultures of pre-colonial America as well.在殖民時期以前的美洲,各個文化裡也都有圈圈在轉動。
- spin one's way through…:「一路旋轉穿過…」
- pre-colonial:「殖民前的」,pre-(之前)+ colonial
- as well:「也」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 1 篇Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of enjoying hula hoop fun?下列何者沒有被提到是享受呼拉圈樂趣的方式?
- 試題固定問法:選文章沒提到的;NOT mentioned「沒有被提到」,NOT 大寫是提醒題目問的是反面
- 112 學測|混合題|第 1 段These meat substitutes are often advertised as beneficial for the environment.這些肉的替代品常被宣傳對環境有益。
- advertise:「宣傳」
- beneficial for…:「對…有益」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段As early as 1000 BC, Egyptian children played with hoop toys of dried grapevine.早在西元前 1000 年,埃及兒童就玩著乾葡萄藤做的圈圈玩具。
- as early as…:「早在…」
- 1000 BC:「西元前 1000 年」
- hoop toys of dried grapevine:of 表示材料,「用乾葡萄藤做的」
- grapevine:「葡萄藤」,grape + vine
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段In the 14th century, hoops were popular as a form of recreation in Great Britain.14 世紀時,圈圈在英國是一種流行的娛樂。
- a form of recreation:「一種娛樂形式」
- Great Britain:「英國」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Dancers used small reed hoops as symbolic representations of animals such as eagles or snakes.舞者用小的蘆葦圈,當作老鷹或蛇等動物的象徵。
- symbolic:「象徵的」,symbol 是「象徵」
- representation:「代表物」
- such as…:「例如…」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Their hoops, often made of metal, were not merely toys for Greek children but served as exercise devices as well.他們的圈圈常用金屬製成,對希臘兒童來說不只是玩具,也當作運動器材。
- often made of metal:過去分詞,「常用金屬製成的」,of 指是某事物的一部分,金屬仍在成品裡,看得出原料
- not merely A but B as well:「不只是 A,也是 B」
- serve as…:「當作…」
- exercise devices:「運動器材」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Also, drinking a lot of liquid in one go can cause more water to pass through the body quickly and come out as urine.還有,一次喝大量液體,會讓更多水快速通過身體,變成尿液排出。
- in one go:「一口氣」,口語
- cause + 受詞 + to V:「使…」,cause more water to pass
- pass through:「通過」
- come out as…:「變成…出來」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Often considered as representing the circle of life, hoops featured prominently in the ritual dances of Native Americans.圈圈常被視為代表生命的循環,在美洲原住民的儀式舞蹈中很顯眼。
- often considered as…:過去分詞構句,「常被視為…」
- represent:「代表」
- the circle of life:「生命的循環」
- feature prominently:「占有顯著地位」
- Native Americans:「美洲原住民」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Moreover, because there are fewer humans around, pregnant females often use tea-growing areas as safe shelters to give birth.而且,因為這裡人較少,懷孕的母象常把種茶區當作安全的庇護所來生產。
- fewer humans around:「周圍的人比較少」
- shelter:「庇護所」
- give birth:「生產」
- 112 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›As a record number of fans showed up for the baseball final, the highways around the stadium were choked with traffic all day.由於棒球決賽湧入創紀錄的球迷人數,球場周圍的公路整天都被車流塞住。
- a record number of…:「創紀錄數量的…」
- show up:「出現」
- all day:「一整天」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Some researchers point out that as trees often grow close together, treetops can easily collide and break when swayed by the wind.有些研究者指出,樹木常常長得很近,樹梢被風吹動時,很容易互相碰撞而折斷。
- point out:「指出」
- close together:「靠得很近」
- treetop:「樹梢」,tree + top
- collide:「碰撞」
- sway:「搖擺」
- swayed by the wind:「被風吹得搖擺」,省略 when they are
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段For example, the flavors people with taste-word synesthesia experience are usually childhood flavors, such as chocolate or strawberries.例如,有「味覺—文字」共感覺的人所體驗到的味道,通常是童年的味道,像巧克力或草莓。
- taste-word synesthesia:「味覺 - 文字共感覺」
- the flavors (that) people… experience:省略關係代名詞
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Since the elephants need to use tea plantations as landmarks when navigating forests, they almost inevitably have to move through the farms.由於大象在森林中辨認方向前進時,需要以茶園當地標,牠們幾乎不可避免得穿過這些農場。
- navigate:「辨認方向前進」
- inevitably:「不可避免地」,inevitable 是「無法避免的」
- move through…:「穿過…」
- 112 學測|混合題|第 1 段GreenBurger just tastes “beany” to me, so I think that whatever form it comes in, it works better in recipes that would usually contain beans, such as in a rice bowl (as ground meat substitute).GreenBurger 對我來說就是有「豆味」,所以我覺得不管它是什麼形式,用在通常含豆類的食譜裡效果更好,例如蓋飯(當作絞肉的替代品)。
- beany:「有豆味的」,bean + y
- whatever form it comes in:「不管它以什麼形式出現」
- work better:「效果比較好」
- ground meat:「絞肉」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Natural materials such as clay, shells, and ivory were used before trading with the Europeans in the 19th century.在 19 世紀與歐洲人通商之前,使用的是黏土、貝殼和象牙等天然材料。
- natural materials:「天然材料」
- before trading with…:before + V-ing,「在與…交易之前」
- 111 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Such demand increased with the rise of western movies, and many cowboys with masterful skills on horseback found a new career as a stunt person.隨著西部片興起,這種需求增加,許多騎術高超的牛仔找到了特技演員這個新職業。
- the rise of…:「…的興起」
- western movies:「西部片」
- masterful skills on horseback:「高超的騎馬技術」,on horseback 是「騎在馬背上」
- 111 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段As digital reading is changing our traditional way of reading, book towns like Hay-on-Wye are particularly important to keep the printed word alive.隨著數位閱讀改變我們傳統的閱讀方式,像 Hay-on-Wye 這樣的書鎮,對讓紙本文字繼續存在格外重要。
- keep…alive:「使…繼續存在」
- the printed word:「印刷文字」
- 111 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Then as commercial air travel became popular in the 1950s and airplanes began flying higher and faster, three planes mysteriously broke apart in midair.後來 1950 年代商業航空旅行普及,飛機開始飛得更高更快,有三架飛機神祕地在半空中解體。
- commercial air travel:「商業航空旅行」
- mysteriously:「神祕地」,mystery 是「謎」
- break apart:「解體」
- midair:「半空中」,mid-(中間)+ air
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Scientists thus hope that understanding the self-healing mystery of the fish may one day allow humans to regenerate such organs as eyes, hearts, and spines.因此科學家希望,理解這種魚的自我修復之謎,有一天能讓人類再生眼睛、心臟和脊椎等器官。
- regenerate:「再生」,re-(再)+ generate(產生)
- such organs as…:「像…這樣的器官」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The headgear was later made mandatory at construction sites in major construction projects, such as the Hoover Dam in 1931 and the Golden Gate Bridge in 1933.這種頭盔後來在重大工程的工地被規定必須配戴,例如 1931 年的胡佛水壩和 1933 年的金門大橋。
- construction site:「工地」
- major construction projects:「重大工程」
- such as…:「例如…」
- 背景:胡佛水壩(Hoover Dam)位於美國內華達州與亞利桑那州交界,金門大橋(Golden Gate Bridge)在舊金山。
- 111 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段The feel of a book, the smell, the weight, and the knowledge that a particular book might be more than a hundred years old—all these highlight the importance of preserving the physical book as a complement to technology.書的觸感、氣味、重量,以及知道某一本書可能已有一百多年歷史,這一切都凸顯了保存實體書、把它當作科技補充的重要性。
- 破折號前面是並列的名詞片語,列出實體書帶給人的感受,all these 就是指這些;that a particular book might be… 是在說明 knowledge 的內容
- might be more than…:「可能超過…」
- highlight:「凸顯」
- preserve:「保存」
- physical book:「實體書」
- complement:「補充物」,和 compliment(稱讚)拼法不同
- as a complement to…:「作為…的補充」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 1 篇Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of the prickly pear?下列哪一項沒有被提到是 prickly pear(仙人掌)的功能?
- 試題固定問法:選文章沒提到的;NOT mentioned「沒有被提到」,NOT 大寫是提醒題目問的是反面
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 2 篇Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a form of passport?下列何者沒有被文章提到是護照的一種形式?
- 試題固定問法:選文章沒提到的;NOT mentioned「沒有被提到」,NOT 大寫是提醒題目問的是反面
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Known locally as nopal, the prickly pear is farmed on a massive scale in Mexico.這種仙人掌在當地稱為 nopal,在墨西哥被大規模種植。
- known locally as…:「在當地被稱為…」
- farm:這裡是動詞,「種植」
- on a massive scale:「大規模地」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Therefore, using the plant as a fuel source will not put pressure on food prices.因此,把這種植物當作燃料來源,不會對糧食價格造成壓力。
- put pressure on…:「對…施壓」
- food prices:「糧食價格」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段It was at this time that passports as we would recognize them today began to be used.正是在這個時候,我們今天認得的那種護照才開始被使用。
- it was at this time that…:強調句型,強調 at this time
- as we would recognize them today:「像我們今天會認得的那樣」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Finally, on 25 June 1977, a seventh and final bolt struck Sullivan as he was fishing in a pond.最後,1977 年 6 月 25 日,Sullivan 在池塘釣魚時,被第七次、也是最後一次閃電擊中。
- bolt:「閃電」,a bolt of lightning
- as he was fishing:as 表示同時
- final:「最後的」
- 110 學測|文意選填|第 1 段Then you'll be well on your way to using physical activity as a tool to make you feel better every day.這樣你就能順利把身體活動當成工具,讓自己每天感覺更好。
- well on your way to V-ing:「已經朝…走了很遠」,表示進行順利
- physical activity:「身體活動」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段But the earliest mention of an object which we might recognize as a passport appeared in about 450 B.C.但最早提到某種我們可能認得出是護照的物品的紀錄,出現在大約西元前 450 年。
- earliest mention:「最早的提及」
- an object which we might recognize as a passport:「我們可能認得出是護照的物品」
- B.C.:「西元前」
- 110 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Keep in mind that even short periods of low-impact exercise serve as a powerful means to improve your health.請記住,即使是短時間的低衝擊運動,也是改善健康的有力方式。
- keep in mind that…:「記住…」
- low-impact:「低衝擊的」
- serve as…:「作為…」
- means:「方法」,單複數同形
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段The prickly pear has a number of advantages over other biofuel crops, such as wheat, sugarcane, and soybeans.這種仙人掌比小麥、甘蔗和黃豆等其他生質燃料作物更具多項優勢。
- a number of…:「許多…」
- advantages over…:「比…有優勢」
- biofuel crops:「生質燃料作物」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The ice sheets, which once spanned 20 square kilometers, are thinning over five times as quickly compared to a few years ago.這些冰原曾經廣達 20 平方公里,如今變薄的速度是幾年前的五倍多。
- once spanned:「曾經涵蓋」
- square kilometers:「平方公里」
- thin:這裡是動詞,「變薄」
- five times as quickly as…:「速度是…的五倍」
- compared to a few years ago:「和幾年前相比」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Franklin moistened his fingers and held them against the rims of the glass hemispheres as they turned, producing a unique sound.富蘭克林把手指沾濕,在玻璃半球轉動時按在邊緣上,發出獨特的聲音。
- moisten:「沾濕」,moist 是「潮濕的」
- hold A against B:「把 A 抵在 B 上」
- as they turned:「當它們轉動時」
- producing…:分詞構句,「產生…」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段The area produces 200,000 tons a year of prickly pear cactus—up to 10 tons of which ends up as waste on the floor of the cactus market each day.該地區每年生產 20 萬噸仙人掌,其中每天多達 10 噸最後成為仙人掌市場地上的廢棄物。
- up to…:「多達…」
- of which:「其中」
- end up as…:「最後成為…」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The King agreed and gave Nehemiah a letter “to the governors of the province beyond the river,” requesting safe passage for him as he travelled through their lands.國王同意了,並給了 Nehemiah 一封致「河那邊省份總督」的信,請求在他經過他們的土地時讓他安全通行。
- governor:「總督」
- requesting:這裡是現在分詞,「請求」
- safe passage:「安全通行」
- as he travelled…:「當他經過…時」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The cactus’s thick outer layer (i.e., husk), with all those spines, had always been viewed as a waste product until researchers developed a biogas generator to turn the husks into electricity.仙人掌厚厚的外層(也就是外殼)布滿了刺,一直被視為廢棄物,直到研究人員開發出沼氣發電機,把外殼變成電力。
- outer layer:「外層」
- i.e.:「也就是」
- waste product:「廢棄物」
- biogas:「沼氣」,bio-(生物)+ gas
- turn A into B:「把 A 變成 B」
- 109 學測|文意選填|第 3 段As they grow older and lose their baby fat, the dimples may fade with time.隨著他們長大、失去嬰兒肥,酒窩可能會隨時間淡去。
- baby fat:「嬰兒肥」
- fade:「淡去」
- with time:「隨時間」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段As they were moving, the energy of the droplets in motion would be released.移動時,運動中水滴的能量會被釋放出來。
- in motion:「運動中的」
- release:「釋放」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 1 篇Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern of wearing the flip-flop?下列何者沒有被提到是穿夾腳拖要注意的問題?
- 試題固定問法:選文章沒提到的;NOT mentioned「沒有被提到」,NOT 大寫是提醒題目問的是反面
- concern:「令人擔心的問題」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Marine pilotage is a job that requires a high degree of proficiency as well as quick and independent thinking.引水是一份需要高度熟練,以及快速獨立思考的工作。
- pilotage:「引水」
- a high degree of…:「高度的…」
- as well as:「以及」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Olive oil tasters have long adopted descriptive terms such as “pure” and “light” to evaluate the quality of olive oil.橄欖油品評員長期以來使用「純」和「淡」等描述性詞彙,來評估橄欖油的品質。
- taster:「品評員」
- adopt:「採用」
- descriptive terms:「描述性的詞彙」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段In the 1950s, flip-flops became popular in the United States as soldiers returning from occupied Japan brought zōris home.1950 年代,隨著從被占領的日本返國的士兵帶回草履,夾腳拖在美國流行起來。
- occupied:「被占領的」
- as:這裡是連接詞,「隨著」
- soldiers returning from…:現在分詞,修飾 soldiers
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Since then, other companies have jumped on the bandwagon to promote everything from soft drinks to new clothes as a remedy.從那時起,其他公司也跟風,推廣從汽水到新衣服的各種東西,把它們當作解方。
- jump on the bandwagon:「跟風」,bandwagon 是遊行時載樂隊的車,大家看到熱鬧就跳上車跟著走
- soft drinks:「不含酒精的飲料」,常指汽水
- remedy:「解方、補救辦法」
- everything from A to B:「從 A 到 B 的所有東西」
- 109 學測|文意選填|第 1 段Some cultures are found to show preference for dimples on one's cheeks, as the feature is claimed to be a sign of attractiveness.研究發現,有些文化偏好臉頰上有酒窩,因為這個特徵被說成是吸引力的象徵。
- be found to V:「被發現…」
- preference for…:「偏好…」
- be claimed to be…:「被宣稱是…」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段To be qualified as “extra virgin,” the oil must also pass both an official test in a laboratory and a sensory evaluation by a trained tasting panel.要符合「特級初榨」的資格,這種油還必須通過實驗室的官方檢驗,以及訓練有素的品油小組的感官評鑑。
- be qualified as…:「具備…的資格」
- sensory evaluation:「感官評鑑」,sensory 與 sense(感官)有關
- panel:「評審小組」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Many women report that the henna crowns really work as a healing device, helping them build a more positive self-image at a time when they are vulnerable and depressed.許多女性表示,海娜皇冠確實有療癒的作用,幫助她們在脆弱又沮喪的時候,建立更正面的自我形象。
- work as…:「發揮…的作用」
- healing device:「療癒的工具」
- at a time when…:「在…的時候」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段As the melody repeats, it becomes embedded into our mind.隨著旋律重複,它會嵌入我們的心智。
- be embedded into…:「被嵌入…」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 3 篇Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature that would trigger earworms?下列何者沒有被提到是會觸發 earworm 的特徵?
- 試題固定問法:選文章沒提到的;NOT mentioned「沒有被提到」,NOT 大寫是提醒題目問的是反面
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Most of them act as cleaners for other fish and pick dead tissue from their bodies.大多數天使魚為其他魚充當清潔工,啄掉牠們身上的死組織。
- act as…:「擔任…」
- pick:這裡是「啄取」
- dead tissue:「死掉的組織」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段As the wearer brings the food toward their mouth, the camera captures an image of the food.當配戴者把食物送向嘴邊時,相機會拍下食物的影像。
- wearer:「配戴者」
- bring A toward B:「把 A 送向 B」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 5 段Aboriginal carvers continue to carve totems as symbols of their cultural pride and clan kinship.原住民雕刻家繼續雕刻圖騰,作為文化自豪和氏族親屬關係的象徵。
- cultural pride:「文化自豪」
- 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Many people were happy that the government had finally declared Children's Day as a national holiday.許多人很高興政府終於宣布兒童節為國定假日。
- had finally declared:過去完成式,比 were happy 更早
- national holiday:「國定假日」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段But pineapples can also be a fashionable fruit: Pineapple leaves can serve as a substitute for leather.但鳳梨也可以是時尚的水果:鳳梨葉可以替代皮革。
- fashionable:「時尚的」
- serve as…:「作為…」
- substitute for…:「…的替代品」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段In addition, the leftover material following the removal of fibers can even be used as a natural fertilizer back in the pineapple fields.此外,取出纖維後剩下的材料,甚至可以當作天然肥料,回到鳳梨田裡。
- in addition:「此外」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段The researchers said bedbugs hide in cracks and crevices such as under sheets and mattresses, or deep in carpets where foggers won’t reach.研究人員說,臭蟲藏在床單和床墊下,或地毯深處等縫隙中,殺蟲煙霧劑碰不到那裡。
- such as…:「例如…」
- where foggers won't reach:「殺蟲煙霧劑到不了的地方」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Often those songs have a simple, upbeat melody and catchy, repetitive lyrics, such as popular commercial jingles and slightly annoying radio hits.這些歌通常有簡單、輕快的旋律,以及琅琅上口、重複的歌詞,例如流行的廣告歌和有點惱人的廣播熱門歌曲。
- upbeat:「輕快的」
- catchy:「琅琅上口的」
- commercial jingle:「廣告歌曲」
- annoying:「惱人的」
- hits:這裡是「熱門歌曲」
- 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The young generation in this country has shown less interest in factory work and other manual labor jobs, such as house construction and fruit picking.這個國家的年輕世代,對工廠工作和其他體力勞動的工作,例如蓋房子和採水果,興趣較低。
- show less interest in…:「對…的興趣較低」
- house construction:「蓋房子」
- fruit picking:「採水果」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Some see it as a celebration related to the turn of the seasons from winter to spring; others, however, believe that it stems from the adoption of a new calendar.有些人認為這是和季節從冬天轉到春天有關的慶祝活動;然而另一些人相信,它源自新曆法的採用。
- some…others…:「有些…另一些…」
- turn of the seasons:「季節的轉換」
- stem from…:「源自…」,stem 是「莖」,從莖長出來
- calendar:「曆法」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Recent or repeated exposure to a song or even a small part of a song can also trigger earworms, as can word associations, such as a phrase similar to the lyrics of a song.最近或反覆接觸一首歌,甚至只是歌的一小部分,也可能觸發耳蟲,詞語聯想也可以,例如與某首歌歌詞相似的片語。
- exposure to…:「接觸到…」
- as can word associations:倒裝,as 是「如同」,等於「詞語聯想也可以觸發」
- association:「聯想」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Those who have positive feelings about their stuck songs prefer to just “let them be,” while those with negative feelings turn to more behavioral responses, which include coping strategies such as singing, talking, or even praying.對卡在腦中的歌有正面感受的人,偏好「順其自然」,而有負面感受的人,則轉向更多行為上的回應,包括唱歌、說話,甚至祈禱等應對策略。
- let them be:「讓它們去吧」
- turn to…:「轉向…」
- behavioral responses:「行為上的回應」
- coping strategies:「應對策略」
- pray:「祈禱」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Lullabies, therefore, serve as therapy for the mother.因此,搖籃曲對母親來說有如一種治療。
- therefore 放在句中,表示結論
- serve as…:「作為…」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇The weather of the previous winter was not as cold as usual.前一個冬天的天氣不像平常那麼冷。
- as…as usual:「和平常一樣…」
- not as cold as usual:「沒有平常那麼冷」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Mixing salt with water is not as easy as removing salt from seawater.把鹽和水混合,不像從海水中去除鹽那麼容易。
- mixing…:以 V-ing 開頭的一段話當主詞,指「把鹽和水混合」這件事
- not as easy as…:「不像…那麼容易」
- remove A from B:「從 B 去除 A」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段As preparations began, a competition was held to find a builder of the “President’s House.”隨著籌備開始,舉辦了一場競賽,要找出「總統官邸」的建造者。
- as preparations began:as 是「隨著」
- a competition was held:「舉辦競賽」
- builder:這裡其實是指設計者
- President's House:當時對白宮的稱呼
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段Lyrics to those lullabies can indeed be interpreted as a reflection of the caregiver’s emotions.這些搖籃曲的歌詞,確實可以解讀為照顧者情緒的反映。
- lyrics:「歌詞」,一般用複數
- indeed:「確實」
- interpret A as B:「把 A 解讀為 B」
- reflection:「反映」
- caregiver:「照顧者」,和 caretaker 同義
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Also, there is the problem of what to do with the separated salt, which is left over as a very concentrated brine.此外,還有分離出來的鹽該如何處理的問題,這些鹽會留下來成為高濃度的鹽水。
- what to do with…:「該如何處理…」
- separated:「被分離的」
- left over:「剩下」
- 107 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›At the beginning of the semester, the teacher told the students that late assignments would receive a low grade as a penalty.學期初,老師告訴學生,遲交的作業會得到低分作為處罰。
- receive a low grade:「得到低分」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段But fresh water can be in short supply in many arid regions of the world such as Saudi Arabia, where there are limited water resources.但在世界上許多乾燥的地區,例如水資源有限的沙烏地阿拉伯,淡水可能供應不足。
- in short supply:「供應不足」
- such as Saudi Arabia, where…:where 補充說明沙烏地阿拉伯
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段At various times in history, the White House has been known as the “President’s Palace,” the “President’s House,” and the “Executive Mansion.”歷史上不同時期,白宮曾被稱為「總統宮」、「總統官邸」與「行政大廈」。
- at various times:「在不同時期」
- be known as…:「被稱為…」
- mansion:「大宅」
- Executive:「行政的」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段For more than two hundred years, the White House has stood as a symbol of the United States Presidency, the U.S. government, and the American people.兩百多年來,白宮一直是美國總統職位、美國政府與美國人民的象徵。
- for more than two hundred years:現在完成式的時間,白宮「持續」是象徵
- stand as a symbol of…:「作為…的象徵」
- Presidency:「總統職位」,這裡首字母大寫指職位本身
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段As the world population continues to grow, shortages of fresh water will occur more often and the need for additional water supplies will become critical.隨著世界人口持續成長,淡水短缺會更常發生,對額外水源的需求也會變得迫切。
- as:這裡是「隨著」
- shortage:「短缺」,short 的名詞
- critical:這裡是「迫切的、關鍵的」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段Despite the economic and environmental hurdles, desalination is becoming increasingly attractive as human beings are using up fresh water from other sources.儘管有經濟與環境上的阻礙,隨著人類用盡其他來源的淡水,海水淡化正變得越來越有吸引力。
- despite:「儘管」,後面接名詞
- hurdle:「障礙」,本義是「跨欄」
- use up:「用盡」,up 在這裡是「到底、到完」,用到完就是「用盡」
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 2 段This story may sound highly credible, but there seems to be no solid evidence that it inspired the creation of the treats we know of today as fortune cookies.這個故事聽起來可能很可信,但似乎沒有確切證據顯示,它啟發了我們今天所知的幸運籤餅這種點心的創造。
- credible:「可信的」,cred 是「相信」,和 credit「信用」同源
- solid evidence:「確切的證據」
- there seems to be no…:「似乎沒有…」
- inspire:「啟發」
- treat:這裡是「點心」
- the treats (that) we know of today as…:「我們今天稱為…的點心」,省略關係代名詞 that
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Dallas County was not doing some of the key things to slow the spread of West Nile, such as testing dead birds and setting mosquito traps to test for the presence of the disease.達拉斯郡沒有做一些減緩 West Nile 病傳播的關鍵工作,例如檢驗死鳥,以及設置捕蚊器來檢測疾病的存在。
- slow the spread:「減緩傳播」
- key:這裡是「關鍵的」
- such as…:「例如…」
- set mosquito traps:「設置捕蚊器」
- presence:「存在」,present(在場的)的名詞
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段That is why some of the most successful companies in the world, such as 3M and Google, encourage their employees to take part in all sorts of relaxing activities, such as playing pinball and wandering about the campus.這就是為什麼世界上一些最成功的公司,例如 3M 和 Google,鼓勵員工參加各種放鬆的活動,例如玩彈珠台和在公司園區裡閒逛。
- that is why…:「這就是為什麼…」,前面是原因,後面是結果
- take part in…:「參加…」
- all sorts of…:「各種…」
- wander about:「閒逛」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇It was initially created as a type of dance and ritual.它最初是以一種舞蹈和儀式的形式創造出來的。
- be created as…:「被創造為…」
- a type of…:「一種…」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段It came with a high price tag and tea was taxed as well.茶價格很高,而且還要課稅。
- come with…:「附帶…」
- price tag:「價格標籤」,a high price tag 就是「價格很高」
- be taxed:「被課稅」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 2 篇What is the author’s attitude toward Capoeira as a sport?作者對 Capoeira 這項運動抱持什麼態度?
- 試題固定問法:問作者(或說話者)的態度;attitude toward…「對…的態度」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Just as humans have a wide range of intelligences, so do dogs.就像人類有各式各樣的智力,狗也一樣。
- just as A, so B:「就像 A,B 也一樣」,so 後面倒裝 do dogs
- a wide range of…:「各式各樣的…」
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段It allows children to adjust their shoes' size as their feet grow.它讓孩子能隨著腳長大調整鞋子的尺寸。
- allow A to V:「讓 A 能夠…」
- as:「隨著」
- 106 學測|文意選填|第 2 段They functioned as a funeral offering shown upon the altars of the gods.洋蔥作為殯葬供品,被畫在眾神的祭壇上。
- function as…:「作為…」
- offering:「供品」
- shown upon…:過去分詞,修飾 offering
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›He then disguised himself as a security guard and walked out the front gate.然後他偽裝成保全人員,從前門走了出去。
- security guard:「保全人員」
- front gate:「前門」
- 106 學測|文意選填|第 1 段Nonetheless, no culture admired onions quite as much as the ancient Egyptians.然而,沒有任何文化像古埃及人那樣如此推崇洋蔥。
- admire:「欣賞、推崇」
- quite as much as…:「和…一樣多」
- no culture…:用否定主詞,表示古埃及人最推崇
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇He first established his reputation as an illustrator in his hometown of Boston.他先在家鄉波士頓以插畫家的身分建立名聲。
- establish one's reputation:「建立名聲」
- as an illustrator:「以插畫家的身分」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Others speak to more universal themes such as the primal relationship of humans to nature.其他作品則談到更普遍的主題,例如人類與自然之間原始的關係。
- others:指 other works
- speak to…:「與…有關、探討…」
- relationship of A to B:「A 與 B 的關係」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Then, Dognition guides you through tests that are as fun as playing fetch or hide-and-seek.接著,Dognition 引導你做一些像玩接球或捉迷藏一樣好玩的測驗。
- guide someone through…:「引導某人完成…」
- as fun as…:「和…一樣好玩」
- fetch:「(狗)把丟出的東西撿回來」
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Almost as soon as a child receives shoes to wear, he/she is likely to have grown out of them.孩子幾乎一拿到鞋子,就可能已經長大穿不下了。
- almost as soon as…:「幾乎一…就…」
- be likely to V:「很可能…」
- grow out of…:「長大而穿不下…」
- have grown out of them:完成式,表示到那時已經穿不下
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Winslow Homer (1836-1910) is regarded by many as the greatest American painter of the nineteenth century.Winslow Homer(1836–1910)被許多人視為十九世紀最偉大的美國畫家。
- be regarded as…:「被視為…」
- by many:「被許多人」
- the nineteenth century:「十九世紀」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Born and raised in Boston, he began his career at age eighteen in his hometown, working as an apprentice at a printing company.他在波士頓出生長大,十八歲時在家鄉開始職業生涯,在一家印刷公司當學徒。
- born and raised:分詞構句,「出生並長大」
- printing company:「印刷公司」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段As tea became much cheaper during the nineteenth century, its popularity spread right through all corners of the British society.隨著茶在十九世紀變得便宜許多,它的受歡迎程度遍及英國社會的每個角落。
- as:這裡是「隨著」
- much cheaper:much 加強比較級
- right through…:「一直穿透…」,right 強調範圍之廣
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Capoeiristas learned to camouflage the forbidden fights with singing, clapping, and dancing as though it were simply entertainment.Capoeira 練習者學會用唱歌、拍手和跳舞來偽裝這些被禁止的打鬥,彷彿只是娛樂。
- Capoeirista:「Capoeira 練習者」
- as though it were simply entertainment:as though 後面用 were,表示「並非真的」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段He then moved to New York City, where he worked as a freelance illustrator with Harper’s Weekly, a popular magazine of the time, and began painting.他接著搬到紐約市,在當時一份熱門雜誌《哈潑週刊》擔任自由插畫家,並開始繪畫。
- of the time:「當時的」
- popular:「熱門的」
- where he worked…and began painting:where 子句的兩個動詞用 and 連接
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段But photos showing outdoor activities, such as sailing on a sunny day or walking in the woods, can greatly distract workers and thus lower their productivity.但顯示戶外活動的照片,例如晴天航行或在樹林裡散步,會大大分散員工的注意力,因此降低他們的生產力。
- photos showing…:現在分詞,修飾 photos
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Using empirical data from laboratory experiments as well as observations of a mid-sized Japanese bank in real life, researchers find that weather conditions indeed influence a worker's focus.研究人員運用實驗室實驗的實證數據,以及對一家日本中型銀行的真實觀察,發現天氣狀況確實會影響員工的專注。
- empirical data:「實證數據」
- A as well as B:「A 和 B」
- indeed:「確實」
- focus:這裡是名詞,「專注」
- 106 學測|文意選填|第 1 段According to certain documents, ancient Egyptians also used onions for medicinal purposes, but they likely would have viewed the healing power of the vegetable as magical, rather than medical.根據某些文獻,古埃及人也把洋蔥用於醫療,但他們可能認為這種蔬菜的療效是神奇的,而不是醫學上的。
- according to…:「根據…」
- would have viewed…:「可能會認為…」,對過去的推測
- healing power:「療效」
- rather than:「而不是」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段However, a man known as Mestre Bimba devoted a great deal of time and effort to convincing the Brazilian authorities that Capoeira has great cultural value and should become an official fighting style.然而,一位名叫 Mestre Bimba 的人投入大量時間和心力,說服巴西當局 Capoeira 具有極高的文化價值,應該成為正式的格鬥風格。
- a man known as…:「一位被稱為…的人」
- devote A to B:「把 A 投入 B」
- a great deal of…:「大量的…」
- convince someone that…:「說服某人…」
- authorities:「當局」,複數
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段In the year 1990 alone, the growth in trade in services was as high as 19%.光是 1990 年這一年,服務貿易的成長就高達 19%。
- alone:放在名詞後面,「單單」
- as high as…:「高達…」
- growth in…:「…的成長」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 1 篇Which field is NOT mentioned in the passage as being affected by blood-type beliefs?下列哪個領域沒有被文章提到是受血型信仰影響的?
- 試題固定問法:選文章沒提到的;NOT mentioned「沒有被提到」,NOT 大寫是提醒題目問的是反面
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段A polygraph machine, also known as a "lie detector," is a common part of criminal investigations.測謊機又稱「測謊器」,是刑事調查中常見的工具。
- polygraph:「測謊機」
- also known as…:「又稱…」
- lie detector:「測謊器」
- criminal investigation:「刑事調查」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段This comparative advantage is determined by key factors of production such as land, capital, and labor.這種比較優勢由土地、資本和勞力等關鍵生產要素決定。
- be determined by…:「由…決定」
- key:「關鍵的」
- factors of production:「生產要素」
- labor:「勞力」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段The kidnappers finally handed over the boy and $250 to the banker and fled town as quickly as they could.綁匪終於把男孩和兩百五十美元交給銀行家,並盡快逃離小鎮。
- hand over:「交出」
- flee:「逃離」,fled 是過去式
- as quickly as they could:「盡可能快」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段He demanded that his kidnappers play tiring games with him, such as riding Bill as a horse for nine miles.他要求綁匪陪他玩累人的遊戲,例如騎 Bill 當馬騎九英里。
- demand that…:「要求…」,後面用原形動詞(這裡是 play)
- such as…:「例如…」
- riding Bill as a horse:把 Bill 當成馬騎
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段The blood-type craze, considered simply harmless fun by some Japanese, may manifest itself as prejudice and discrimination.血型狂熱被一些日本人視為單純無害的樂趣,卻可能表現為偏見與歧視。
- considered…by some:過去分詞片語,修飾 craze
- manifest itself as…:「表現為…」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段Finally, as predicted, snakes captured during the dry season contained significantly less body water than those scooped up in the rainy season.最後,如預期的,乾季捕獲的蛇,身體水分明顯少於雨季撈到的蛇。
- as predicted:「如預期」
- capture:「捕獲」
- significantly:「明顯地」
- contain:「含有」
- scoop up:「撈起」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段As a result, Jeanie was invited to make a number of public appearances with her Kiddie Stool, and was featured on local TV as well as in newspapers.因此,Jeanie 受邀帶著她的兒童凳多次公開露面,並被地方電視和報紙報導。
- as a result:「因此」
- a number of…:「一些…」
- public appearance:「公開露面」
- be featured:「被專題報導」
- A as well as B:「A 和 B」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段It is also the subject of many international agreements that aim to govern and facilitate international trade, such as those negotiated through the World Trade Organization (WTO).它也是許多國際協議的主題,這些協議旨在管理與促進國際貿易,例如透過世界貿易組織談成的協議。
- aim to V:「旨在…」
- facilitate:「促進」,使事情更容易
- those negotiated through…:those 指 agreements,negotiated 是「被談判出來的」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段In certain cases, communities have relied on school buildings to function as shelters for the displaced, with up to nine families living in a single classroom in former schools across Iraq.在某些情況下,社區依靠學校建築當作流離失所者的避難所,在伊拉克各地的前學校裡,一間教室多達九戶家庭同住。
- rely on…:「依靠…」
- function as…:「作為…」
- the displaced:「流離失所的人」
- up to…:「多達…」
- former:「以前的」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The first piece was set just high enough so that when it swung out horizontally from the cabinet door, the second piece would swing down from the first, just touching the ground, and so serving as a support for the first piece of the wood.第一片的高度剛好設定好:當它從櫃門水平擺出時,第二片會從第一片垂下,剛好碰到地面,因此撐住第一片木頭。
- set:「設定、安裝」
- swing out:「擺出」
- swing down:「向下擺」
- just touching the ground, and so serving as a support:兩個分詞構句,表示結果
- support:「支撐物」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段In contrast, the peacock is not universally seen as lucky.相對地,孔雀並非普遍被視為幸運。
- in contrast:「相對地」
- not universally:「並非每個地方都…」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 4 段The remedy is as simple as standing up and taking activity breaks.解決辦法很簡單,只要站起來,時不時起身活動一下就好。
- remedy:「解決辦法」
- as simple as…:「和…一樣簡單」
- stand up:「站起來」
- activity break:「起身活動的短暫休息」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇Interrupting sitting time with light activity as often as possible.盡可能常用輕度活動打斷久坐的時間。
- interrupt:「打斷」
- as often as possible:「盡可能常」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Similarly, a woodpecker, when seen near the home, is regarded as a good sign.同樣地,在家附近看到啄木鳥,也被視為吉兆。
- when seen:省略 it is
- be regarded as…:「被視為…」
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段However, Vaaler's clips were not the same as the paperclips currently in use.然而,Vaaler 的夾子與現在使用的迴紋針並不相同。
- be not the same as…:「與…不同」
- currently in use:「目前使用中」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段As a teenager, Cartier-Bresson rebelled against his parents’ formal ways of education.青少年時期,Cartier-Bresson 反抗父母正規的教育方式。
- as a teenager:「青少年時期」
- rebel against…:「反抗…」
- formal:「正規的」
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Later, as steel wire became more common, inventors began to notice its elastic feature.後來,隨著鋼絲變得更普遍,發明者開始注意到它的彈性。
- as:這裡是「隨著」
- feature:「特性」
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Norwegians were prohibited from wearing any symbol of their national unity, such as buttons with the initials of their king.挪威人被禁止佩戴任何象徵國家團結的標誌,例如印有國王姓名首字母的鈕扣。
- be prohibited from V-ing:「被禁止…」
- unity:「團結」,unite 的名詞
- initials:「姓名首字母」,要用複數
- 104 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›An open display of intimate behavior between men and women, such as hugging and kissing, is not allowed in some conservative societies.在一些保守的社會中,不允許男女公開表現親密行為,例如擁抱和親吻。
- display:這裡是名詞,「展示、表現」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Peacocks are also highly valued in China and Japan, where they are kept as symbols by the ruling families to represent their status and wealth.孔雀在中國和日本也極受重視,統治家族把牠們當作象徵,來代表自己的地位與財富。
- highly valued:「高度受重視」
- where they are kept as symbols:where 指 China and Japan
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In 2011, they were voted as one of the world’s top five performance groups by audiences of Japan Broadcasting Corporation’s Amazing Voice program.2011 年,他們被日本放送協會《Amazing Voice》節目的觀眾票選為世界前五大表演團體之一。
- be voted as…:「被投票選為…」
- audience:「觀眾」,集合名詞
- Corporation:「公司、協會」
- one of the world's top five performance groups:「世界前五大表演團體之一」
- 104 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›When taking medicine, we should read the instructions on the labels carefully because they provide important information such as how and when to take it.吃藥時,我們應仔細閱讀標籤上的說明,因為上面提供重要資訊,例如如何服用及何時服用。
- such as…:「例如…」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段As long as the children are willing to sing, I will always be there for them, singing with them and leading them to experience the meaning of the ballads.”只要孩子願意唱,我就會一直在他們身邊,和他們一起唱,帶領他們體會民謠的意義。」
- as long as…:「只要…」
- be willing to V:「願意…」
- lead someone to V:「帶領某人…」
- the meaning of the ballads:「民謠的意義」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段And those small amounts of activity add up—30 minutes of light activity in two or three-minute bursts can be just as effective as a half-hour block of exercise.而這些少量的活動會累積起來,分成兩、三分鐘一小段一小段進行的 30 分鐘輕度活動,可以和連續半小時的運動一樣有效。
- add up:「累積」
- those small amounts of activity:「那些少量的活動」
- in two or three-minute bursts:「分成兩、三分鐘一小段一小段地做」,burst 這裡是「短時間的一陣」
- light activity:「輕度活動」
- just as effective as…:「和…一樣有效」
- block:這裡是「一段(時間)」
- 104 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Nowadays many companies adopt a flexible work schedule which allows their employees to decide when to arrive at work—from as early as 6 a.m. to as late as 11 a.m.現在許多公司採用彈性工時,讓員工自己決定幾點上班,從最早早上六點到最晚上午十一點。
- adopt:「採用」
- allow someone to V:「允許某人…」
- from as early as…to as late as…:「從早到…,到晚到…」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段Recent studies show that people spend an average of 64 hours a week sitting, whether or not they exercise 150 minutes a week as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO).近期研究顯示,不論是否達到世界衛生組織建議的每週運動 150 分鐘,人們平均每週坐 64 小時。
- spend…sitting:「花…時間坐著」
- whether or not…:「無論是否…」
- recommend:「建議」
- World Health Organization:「世界衛生組織」,縮寫 WHO
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Tree products have been an important part of diets for thousands of years, from early humans gathering fruits and nuts to the first cultivation of important trees, such as mango and apple.樹木產品數千年來一直是飲食的重要部分,從早期人類採集水果和堅果,到首次栽培芒果和蘋果等重要樹木。
- from A to B:「從 A 到 B」
- gather:「採集」
- cultivation:「栽培」,cultivate 的名詞
- have been:現在完成式,表示從過去到現在持續
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Cartier-Bresson’s family was wealthy—his father made a fortune as a textile manufacturer—but Cartier-Bresson later joked that due to his parents’ frugal ways, it often seemed as though his family was poor.Cartier-Bresson 的家庭很富有,他的父親做紡織製造商賺了一大筆錢,但 Cartier-Bresson 後來開玩笑說,由於父母很節儉,他家常看起來像是很窮。
- make a fortune:「賺大錢」
- joke:「開玩笑」
- due to…:「由於…」
- it seemed as though…:「看起來彷彿…」
近義字
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
