學測英文-精準背單字

學測考點

被動語態的 by(動作者)
「由…」
  • designed by a young engineer
  • invented by a Detroit police officer
  • created by truly great artists such as Picasso and Monet
  • the park was built by Gordon Hartman
be struck / hit by…
「被…擊中」
  • was struck by a 60
  • struck by lightning seven times
  • being hit by lightning
be characterized / distinguished by…
「以…為特色」
  • is characterized by its diversity
  • are characterized by a fortune
  • distinguished by its thoughtful
be accompanied by…
「伴隨」
  • is accompanied by a swollen eye
  • accompanied by space motion sickness
  • was not accompanied by any instrument
be inspired / influenced / encouraged by…
「受…啟發 / 影響 / 鼓勵」:by 後面接給予影響的人或事
  • inspired by the landscape paintings
  • the creation of the park was inspired by his daughter
  • influenced by modern dancing styles
  • greatly encouraged by the result
be surrounded / troubled / disturbed by…
「被…包圍 / 困擾 / 打擾」:by 後面接造成的人或事
  • surrounded by flowers blooming
  • troubled by a problem with trains
  • are disturbed by the song in their heads
  • troubled by skin rashes
be caused / determined / driven by…
「由…造成 / 決定 / 驅動」:by 後面接原因或動力
  • was caused by deer collision
  • determined by key factors of production
  • driven by different production costs
過去分詞 + by(後置修飾)
「由…所做的」:by 加人名放在名詞後面,說明是誰做的
  • the sound of snoring made by neighboring
  • a story by
  • recommended by WHO
by + doing something
「藉由…」
  • by seeing them in person
  • By seeing an animal up close
  • by sharing knowledge and information
by + 時間
「到…為止、到…的時候」
  • by the 16th century
  • by 1955, he had completed
  • by the time Moran died
increase / decrease by + 數量
「幅度為…」
  • increased their fish catch by 30%
  • exports decreased by 40
  • shrunk by 85%
  • grew by nearly 8.6% each year
by nature / by no means
「本質上」/「絕不」
  • are by nature offensive and hurtful
  • is by no means unproductive
  • by no means perfect
by way of / by himself / by the side
「經由 / 憑一己之力 / 在旁邊」:by 的不同搭配
  • comes by way of the sea
  • kill a lion by himself
  • stationed by the side
abide by / pass by
「遵守 / 經過」:abide by「遵守」、pass by「經過」(a motto to abide by、the years have passed by)
by + 地點 / 交通工具
「搭乘…」:by 後面接交通工具,不加冠詞(arriving by canoe)

學測原句

每個學測考點各列 1–2 句,想看全部的學測原句,請按下方的按鈕。

  • 110 學測|文意選填|第 1 段
    What you need to do is to make "start slow and have fun" a motto to abide by.
    你需要做的,是把「慢慢開始,並享受樂趣」當作要遵守的座右銘。
    • what you need to do is to V:「你需要做的是…」
    • abide by…:「遵守…」
  • 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›
    As the years have passed by, many of my childhood memories are already blurring; I can no longer recall clearly what happened back then.
    隨著歲月流逝,我童年的許多記憶已經變得模糊,我再也無法清楚回想當時發生的事。
    • as the years have passed by:「隨著歲月流逝」
    • recall:「回想」,re-(回)+ call(叫),把記憶叫回來
  • 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段
    Welcome poles were traditionally placed on village beachfronts to greet visitors arriving by canoe.
    歡迎柱傳統上立在村莊海灘前,迎接搭獨木舟抵達的訪客。
    • arriving by canoe:「搭獨木舟抵達」
  • 115 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›
    Designed by a young engineer, the new product has created far more profit than initially expected.
    這項由年輕工程師設計的新產品,創造的利潤遠超過當初的預期。
    • designed by…:過去分詞片語,修飾 the new product,意思是「由…設計的」
  • 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段
    A major breakthrough was the yellow light invented by a Detroit police officer William Potts.
    一項重大突破,是底特律警察 William Potts 發明的黃燈。
    • breakthrough:「突破」,break + through,衝破障礙
    • invented by…:過去分詞,修飾 the yellow light
    • Detroit police officer William Potts:Detroit 當形容詞,「底特律的」
    • 背景:底特律(Detroit)是美國密西根州的汽車工業大城。
  • 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段
    In 2020, Petur Oddsson, a power station worker in Iceland, was struck by a 60,000-volt current.
    2020 年,冰島發電廠工人 Petur Oddsson 遭到 6 萬伏特高壓電擊。
    • power station:「發電廠」
    • be struck by…:「被…擊中」,strike 的被動
    • volt:「伏特」,電壓的單位
    • current:這裡是「電流」,也有「水流」的意思
    • 背景:冰島(Iceland)是北大西洋上的島國,漁業是重要產業。
  • 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段
    Over his 36-year career, Sullivan was struck by lightning seven times—and survived each shock!
    在他 36 年的職業生涯中,Sullivan 被閃電擊中七次,而且每次都活了下來!
    • over his 36-year career:「在他 36 年的職業生涯中」
    • survive:「倖存」
    • shock:這裡是「電擊」
  • 115 學測|混合題|第 9 段
    Wonder Village, a famous tourist site, is characterized by its diversity and uniqueness.
    著名的觀光景點 Wonder Village,以多元和獨特為特色。
    • be characterized by…:「以…為特色」,character 是「特性」
  • 107 學測|文意選填|第 1 段
    Fortune cookies, commonly served after meals at Chinese restaurants in the U.S., are characterized by a fortune, which is written on a small piece of paper tucked inside the cookie.
    幸運籤餅通常在美國的中式餐廳飯後供應,特色是有一張寫著籤語的小紙條塞在餅乾裡。
    • fortune:這裡是「籤語、運勢」
    • fortune cookie:「幸運籤餅」
    • be characterized by…:「以…為特色」
    • commonly served:「通常被供應」
    • tuck:「塞進」,tucked inside=「塞在裡面」
  • 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段
    Usually a stye is accompanied by a swollen eye.
    針眼通常伴隨著眼睛腫脹。
    • be accompanied by…:「伴隨著…」
    • swollen:「腫脹的」,swell 的過去分詞
  • 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段
    Moreover, the effect is often accompanied by space motion sickness, headaches, and nausea.
    此外,這種效應常伴隨太空暈動症、頭痛和噁心。
    • be accompanied by…:「伴隨…」
    • motion sickness:「暈動症」,暈車暈船那一類
  • 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段
    Moran began painting by age 15, inspired by the landscape paintings of the British master J.M.W. Turner.
    Moran 最遲在十五歲時就已開始作畫,受到英國大師 J.M.W. Turner 風景畫的啟發。
    • by age 15:「到 15 歲時」
    • inspired by…:「受…啟發」,inspire 是「啟發」
    • landscape painting:「風景畫」
    • 背景:J.M.W. Turner(1775–1851)是英國風景畫大師,以光影與氣氛的描繪聞名。
  • 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段
    The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges.
    樂園的創建,靈感來自他的女兒 Morgan,她有嚴重的認知遲緩和身體障礙。
    • be inspired by…:「受…啟發」
    • suffer from…:「受…所苦」
    • cognitive delay:「認知遲緩」
    • physical challenges:「身體上的障礙」,challenge 在這裡是委婉說法
  • 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›
    Surrounded by flowers blooming and birds chirping merrily, the Wangs had a good time hiking in the national park.
    被盛開的花朵和快樂啾啾叫的鳥兒環繞,Wang 一家在國家公園健行玩得很開心。
    • surrounded by…:分詞構句,「被…環繞」
    • flowers blooming and birds chirping:「花盛開、鳥啾啾叫」
    • merrily:「歡樂地」
    • have a good time V-ing:「…玩得很開心」
    • hike:「健行」
  • 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段
    The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways.
    該國一直受火車在鐵道上撞到鹿的問題所困擾。
    • be troubled by…:「受…所困擾」
    • collide with…:「與…相撞」
    • railway:「鐵道」
  • 109 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇
    45 percent of train delays in Japan was caused by deer collision.
    日本 45% 的火車誤點是鹿撞擊造成的。
    • be caused by…:「由…造成」
    • delay:「誤點」
    • 45 percent of…:「…的 45%」;train delays 是複數,原文 was 應為 were
  • 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段
    This comparative advantage is determined by key factors of production such as land, capital, and labor.
    這種比較優勢由土地、資本和勞力等關鍵生產要素決定。
    • be determined by…:「由…決定」
    • key:「關鍵的」
    • factors of production:「生產要素」
    • labor:「勞力」
  • 114 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段
    The room's thin plastic walls easily transmit the sound of snoring made by neighboring guests.
    房間薄薄的塑膠牆很容易把鄰近客人的打呼聲傳進來。
    • transmit:「傳送」,把聲音、訊號從一處傳到另一處
    • snoring:「打呼聲」,snore「打呼」+ -ing
    • made by…:過去分詞,「由…發出的」
  • 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段
    In 1871, he was appointed to illustrate The Wonders of Yellowstone, a story by Nathaniel P. Langford, who had participated in an expedition to Yellowstone.
    1871 年,他受命為《黃石奇觀》(The Wonders of Yellowstone)畫插圖,這是 Nathaniel P. Langford 寫的故事,Langford 曾參加黃石探險隊。
    • be appointed to V:「被指派去做…」
    • illustrate:「畫插圖」
    • a story by…:同位語
    • who had participated in…:過去完成式,參加探險發生在更早之前
    • participate in…:「參加…」
    • 背景:黃石(Yellowstone)位於美國西部,以間歇泉與熱泉聞名。
  • 114 學測|混合題|第 8 段
    It’s easier to learn about an animal by seeing them in person.
    親眼看到動物,比較容易認識這種動物。
    • in person:「親自 / 親眼」
    • learn about…:「認識 / 了解…」
    • by V-ing:「藉由…」
  • 114 學測|混合題|第 10 段
    Fostering empathy…By seeing an animal up close, the public could be encouraged to be more sensitive and compassionate to a species that is facing extinction in the wild.
    培養同理心……近距離看到動物,大眾可能會更敏感,也更有同情心,去對待在野外面臨絕種的物種。
    • foster:「培養 / 促進」,本義是「寄養」,像養育孩子一樣慢慢培養
    • up close:「近距離」
    • compassionate:「有同情心的」,名詞是 compassion
    • face:這裡是「面臨」
    • the public:「大眾」
  • 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段
    By the 16th century, when Europe’s search for trading routes was at its peak, maps became Eurocentric, with north on top.
    到了 16 世紀,歐洲尋找貿易路線的風潮達到頂峰,地圖變成以歐洲為中心,北方在上。
    • by + 時間:「到…的時候」
    • at its peak:「在最高峰」,peak 是「山頂」
    • Eurocentric:「以歐洲為中心的」,Euro + center + -ic
  • 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段
    By 1955, he had completed an improved version of the product, with each square inch of material containing 300 hooks, which made it stay fastened and yet easy enough to pull apart when needed.
    到 1955 年,他完成了這項產品的改良版,每平方英寸的材料含有 300 個鉤子,既能維持扣緊,需要時又很容易拉開。
    • by 1955, he had completed…:過去完成式,「到 1955 年時已經完成」
    • with each square inch of material containing 300 hooks:with + 受詞 + V-ing,「每平方英寸…含有…」
    • which:指前面整件事
    • stay fastened:「維持扣緊」
    • and yet:「卻又」,強調對比
    • pull apart:「拉開」
    • when needed:省略 it is
  • 113 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇
    Iceland has increased their fish catch by 30% in the last 20 years.
    冰島過去 20 年的捕魚量增加了 30%。
    • increase…by 30%:「增加了 30%」
    • catch:這裡是名詞,「漁獲量」
    • in the last 20 years:搭配現在完成式
  • 109 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›
    Due to the global financial crisis, the country's exports decreased by 40 percent last month, the largest drop since 2000.
    由於全球金融危機,該國上個月的出口下降了 40%,是 2000 年以來最大的跌幅。
    • due to…:「由於…」
    • global financial crisis:「全球金融危機」
    • by 40 percent:「幅度為 40%」
    • drop:「下跌」
  • 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›
    Racist remarks are by nature offensive and hurtful, and should be avoided on all occasions.
    種族歧視的言論本質上就具有冒犯性、會傷人,在任何場合都應該避免。
    • racist remarks:「種族歧視的言論」,race + ist
    • by nature:「本質上」
    • on all occasions:「在任何場合」
  • 115 學測|文意選填|第 2 段
    Taking a nap in the middle of the day is by no means unproductive.
    在白天小睡一下,絕對不是沒有成效的事。
    • by no means:「絕對不」,直譯是「不是用任何方式」
    • unproductive:「沒有成效的」,productive 是「有產出的」,un- 否定
  • 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段
    Almost everything, from food to machinery, comes by way of the sea in huge ships piloted by captains.
    幾乎所有東西,從食物到機器,都由船長駕駛的大型船隻經海路運來。
    • by way of…:「經由…」
    • machinery:「機器」
    • piloted by captains:「由船長駕駛」,pilot 在這裡是動詞「駕駛、領航」
  • 111 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇
    A boy has to kill a lion by himself before becoming an adult.
    男孩在成年之前,必須獨自殺死一頭獅子。
    • by himself:「獨自」

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