學測考點
century 加連字號
「15 世紀的」:數字 + 單數名詞當形容詞,century 不加 s(a 15th-century Act of)
for / over (the past) century / centuries
「好幾世紀、…世紀以來」:for / over 表示一段期間
- for centuries
- over centuries
- over the centuries
- over the past century
- after centuries of technological advancements
- centuries before the African settlers
學測原句
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The earliest reference to these documents is found in a 15th-century Act of Parliament, while the term “passport” came into use about a century later.最早提到這些文件的紀錄,出現在 15 世紀的一項國會法案中,而「passport」這個詞約一個世紀後才開始使用。
- reference:這裡是「提及、紀錄」
- Act of Parliament:「國會通過的法律」
- come into use:「開始被使用」
- about a century later:「約一個世紀後」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Centuries later, the ability of tea to aid in digestion finally became known.幾個世紀後,茶有助消化的功效終於廣為人知。
- aid:「幫助」,aid in digestion:「幫助消化」
- digestion:digest(消化)的名詞
- become known:「變得為人所知」
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 2 段The melted bells were recast in the late 19th century.被熔掉的鐘在 19 世紀末重新鑄造。
- recast:「重鑄」,re-(再)+ cast(澆鑄),cast 是把熔化的金屬倒進模子
- late 19th century:「19 世紀末」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇Watercolor was the most popular form of landscape painting in the 19th century.水彩是十九世紀最受歡迎的風景畫形式。
- landscape painting:「風景畫」
- the most popular…:最高級
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇For centuries, Zanzibar has been a heaven for beach lovers.幾世紀以來,Zanzibar 一直是海灘愛好者的天堂。
- for centuries:「幾世紀以來」,搭配現在完成式
- beach lover:「海灘愛好者」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Colorful glass jewelry became popular after the 19th century.彩色玻璃珠飾在十九世紀之後變得流行。
- jewelry:「珠寶飾品」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段The popularity of the instrument faded early in the 19th century, but it is still played occasionally today.這項樂器的流行在 19 世紀初逐漸消退,但至今仍偶爾有人演奏。
- popularity:「受歡迎的程度」
- fade:「逐漸消退」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Over the centuries, henna tattoos have been used in weddings and holiday celebrations because they are thought to carry blessings from the gods.幾世紀以來,海娜刺青被用在婚禮和節慶,因為人們認為它們帶有神的祝福。
- over the centuries:「幾世紀以來」
- be thought to V:「被認為會…」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The pineapple, a delicious tropical fruit, has been valued for centuries not only for its distinct and unique taste, but also for its miraculous health and medical benefits.鳳梨是美味的熱帶水果,幾世紀以來受到重視,不只是因為它獨特的風味,也因為神奇的健康與醫療功效。
- be valued for…:「因…受到重視」
- miraculous:「神奇的」,miracle 是「奇蹟」
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,也 B」
- medical benefits:「醫療功效」
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 2 段One of these stories traces the cookie's origin back to 13th- and 14th-century China, which was then occupied by the Mongols.其中一個說法把餅乾的起源追溯到十三、十四世紀被蒙古人占領的中國。
- trace A back to B:「把 A 追溯到 B」
- occupy:「占領」,這裡用被動,China 被蒙古人占領
- which was then occupied:then 是「當時」
- 13th- and 14th-century:13th- 後面省略了 century,完整是 13th-century and 14th-century,兩個合在一起修飾 China,century 不加 s
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇British people had tea breaks twice a day in the eighteenth century.英國人在十八世紀每天有兩次茶歇。
- tea break:「茶歇」
- twice a day:「一天兩次」
- the eighteenth century:「十八世紀」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段While international trade has long been conducted in history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.雖然國際貿易在歷史上早已進行,但它在經濟、社會與政治上的重要性在近幾個世紀不斷上升。
- conduct:「進行」
- on the rise:「在上升」
- recent centuries:「近幾個世紀」
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段In the late 19th century, the most common way to hold papers together was by using a pin.十九世紀後期,把紙固定在一起最常見的方法是使用別針。
- the late 19th century:「十九世紀後期」
- by using…:「藉由使用…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段By the 16th century, when Europe’s search for trading routes was at its peak, maps became Eurocentric, with north on top.到了 16 世紀,歐洲尋找貿易路線的風潮達到頂峰,地圖變成以歐洲為中心,北方在上。
- by + 時間:「到…的時候」
- at its peak:「在最高峰」,peak 是「山頂」
- Eurocentric:「以歐洲為中心的」,Euro + center + -ic
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The expansion of European imperialism in the following centuries further established the “north up” practice as the standard.接下來幾個世紀歐洲帝國主義的擴張,更進一步把「北方在上」確立為標準。
- expansion:「擴張」,expand 的名詞
- establish A as B:「把 A 確立為 B」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段In the latter half of the 20th century, steel frames became cost-effective, and thus affordable for a much wider staircase market.20 世紀下半葉,鋼架變得划算,因此更多人買得起,樓梯市場也大為擴大。
- latter:「後面的」
- cost-effective:「划算的」
- affordable:「負擔得起的」,afford 是「負擔得起」+ -able
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 6 段After centuries of technological advancements, it seems we’ve ended up right where we began in ancient times: with ourselves in the middle, and our destinations at the top.經過幾個世紀的科技進步,我們似乎又回到古代的起點:自己在中間,目的地在上方。
- end up…:「最後變成…」
- right where we began:right 用來加強 where
- with A in the middle:with 帶出狀態
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Vodka production in Russia started in the 15th century.俄羅斯的伏特加生產始於十五世紀。
- production:「生產」,produce 的名詞
- the 15th century:「十五世紀」,世紀用 the
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 5 段Meanwhile, a powerful anti-alcohol movement started in the 19th century.同時,一場強大的反酒運動在 19 世紀展開。
- anti-:「反對…的」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Russian people were encouraged to make their own vodka in the 19th century.十九世紀時,俄羅斯人被鼓勵自己釀製伏特加。
- be encouraged to V:「被鼓勵…」
- make one's own…:「自己做…」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The liquid was originally a grape alcohol introduced from France in the late 14th century.這種液體原本是 14 世紀末從法國傳入的葡萄酒精。
- introduce:這裡是把外來的東西「引進」
- grape alcohol:「葡萄製的酒精」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Before the adoption of Christianity in Russia (10th century), there were no vineyards and therefore no wine.在俄羅斯採用基督教之前(10 世紀),沒有葡萄園,也就沒有葡萄酒。
- adoption:「採用」,adopt 的名詞
- vineyard:「葡萄園」,vine 是「葡萄藤」,yard 是「園地」
- 背景:俄羅斯在 10 世紀末(約 988 年)由基輔大公弗拉基米爾接受基督教。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段There is contradictory information about Russians’ inclination toward alcohol in the 15th and 16th centuries.關於 15、16 世紀俄羅斯人對酒的喜好傾向,說法互相矛盾。
- contradictory:「互相矛盾的」,contradict「與…矛盾」的形容詞,說法互相打架
- inclination toward…:「對…的傾向」,incline 本義是「傾斜」,往那邊傾斜,就是有傾向
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Over centuries, the bells have become a familiar part of life in Paris, where they are known as "the cathedral's voice."數百年來,這些鐘已成為巴黎生活中熟悉的一部分,在當地被稱為「大教堂的聲音」。
- over centuries:「歷經數百年」
- where they are known as…:where 指 Paris,等於 and in Paris they are known as…
- be known as…:「被稱為…」(be known for 才是「以…聞名」)
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段In the 19th century, the emperors began to establish a state monopoly, largely due to the rise of illegal production of low-quality vodka.19 世紀,皇帝們開始建立國家專賣制度,主要是因為劣質伏特加的非法生產增加。
- monopoly:「壟斷 / 專賣」,只有一家能賣
- state monopoly:「國家專賣」
- largely due to…:「主要由於…」
- the rise of…:「…的增加」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The first Russian-made vodka appeared in the 15th century, and the drink remained relatively low in alcohol content until the mid-18th century.第一批俄羅斯製伏特加在 15 世紀出現,直到 18 世紀中葉,這種酒的酒精含量都還算低。
- Russian-made:「俄羅斯製的」
- remain + 形容詞:「維持…的狀態」
- low in alcohol content:「酒精含量低」
- mid-18th century:「18 世紀中葉」
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 2 段In fact, there is documented reference to the ringing of bells even before the cathedral's construction was completed, dating as far back as the 12th century.事實上,早在大教堂完工之前,就有關於鐘聲的文獻紀錄,最早可追溯到 12 世紀。
- documented:「有文件記載的」,document 當名詞是「文件」,當動詞是「記錄」
- reference to…:「提及…」
- construction:「建造」
- date back to…:「追溯到…」,dating as far back as the 12th century 是分詞構句,補充說明
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段They could have used alarm clocks because adjustable alarms had been invented by the mid-19th century.他們本來可以使用鬧鐘,因為可調整時間的鬧鐘在 19 世紀中葉前就已經發明了。
- could have + 過去分詞:「本來可以…(但沒有)」
- adjustable:「可調整的」,adjust + able
- had been invented:過去完成式,「在那之前就已經發明」
- by the mid-19th century:「到 19 世紀中葉為止」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Thomas Moran, a famous painter in the 19th century, played an important role in the establishment of American national parks.十九世紀的知名畫家 Thomas Moran,在美國國家公園的設立過程中扮演了重要角色。
- play an important role in…:「在…中扮演重要角色」
- establishment:「設立」,establish 是「建立」
- 背景:Thomas Moran(1837–1926)是英裔美國畫家,以描繪黃石與美國西部風景聞名。
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Asian merchants arrived centuries before the African settlers.亞洲商人比非洲移民早了好幾個世紀抵達。
- settler:「移民、拓居者」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段In the 14th century, hoops were popular as a form of recreation in Great Britain.14 世紀時,圈圈在英國是一種流行的娛樂。
- a form of recreation:「一種娛樂形式」
- Great Britain:「英國」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段In the 8th century, Persian merchants built settlements here, which grew over the next four centuries into their trading posts.8 世紀時,波斯商人在這裡建立聚落,這些聚落在之後四個世紀中發展成他們的貿易據點。
- Persian:「波斯的」
- settlement:「聚落」;which 指 settlements
- trading post:「貿易據點」,post 在這裡是「據點」
- over the next four centuries:「在接下來的四個世紀中」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Between the 12th and 15th centuries, trade increased between Arabia, Persia, and Zanzibar, bringing the archipelago both wealth and power.12 到 15 世紀間,阿拉伯、波斯與 Zanzibar 之間的貿易增加,替這個群島帶來財富與權力。
- increase:這裡是不及物動詞,「增加」
- bringing…:分詞構句,「帶來…」
- wealth and power:「財富與權力」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The paths of various religions also crossed here: Muslims have lived peacefully with Christians and Buddhists on the islands for centuries.不同宗教的路線也在這裡交會:穆斯林與基督徒、佛教徒在這些島上和平共處了幾個世紀。
- path:這裡是「路線」
- cross:「交會」;冒號後面是舉例說明
- Muslim:「穆斯林」
- Christian:「基督徒」
- Buddhist:「佛教徒」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Although the term did not emerge until the 18th century, toy hoops twirled around the waist, limbs, or neck can be traced back to ancient times.雖然這個詞直到 18 世紀才出現,但繞著腰、四肢或脖子旋轉的玩具圈,其實可追溯到古代。
- twirled around…:過去分詞,「被繞著…轉動的」
- be traced back to…:「可追溯到…」
- ancient times:「古代」
- 背景:the term 指 hula hoop(呼啦圈)這個詞。
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段Since the 16th century, Zanzibar has come under the rule of the Portuguese, the Arabians, and then the British, each leaving a mark on the place.自 16 世紀以來,Zanzibar 先後受葡萄牙人、阿拉伯人,再來是英國人統治,每一方都在島上留下印記。
- come under the rule of…:「受…統治」
- the Portuguese:「葡萄牙人」
- Arabian:「阿拉伯人」
- each leaving a mark:獨立分詞構句
- leave a mark on…:「在…留下印記」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段At the close of the 15th century, Europeans’ craze for spices gave rise to the Spice Route, a network of sea lanes joining Europe with the Far East, where most spices came from.15 世紀末,歐洲人對香料的狂熱催生了「香料之路」,那是連結歐洲與遠東的海上航道網絡,大部分香料都來自遠東。
- at the close of…:「在…的末期」
- craze for…:「對…的狂熱」
- give rise to…:「引起、催生」
- sea lane:「海上航道」
- join A with B:「連結 A 與 B」
- the Far East:「遠東」;where 引導的子句說明 Far East
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Natural materials such as clay, shells, and ivory were used before trading with the Europeans in the 19th century.在 19 世紀與歐洲人通商之前,使用的是黏土、貝殼和象牙等天然材料。
- natural materials:「天然材料」
- before trading with…:before + V-ing,「在與…交易之前」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Over the past century, hard hats have advanced considerably, evolving from canvas and leather to aluminum, fiberglass, and, eventually, to thermoplastic.過去一個世紀,安全帽大幅進步,從帆布和皮革,演變為鋁、玻璃纖維,最後到熱塑性塑膠。
- advance:這裡是不及物動詞,「進步」
- considerably:「相當大地」
- evolve from A to B:「從 A 演變為 B」
- thermoplastic:「熱塑性塑膠」,thermo-(熱)+ plastic
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Since its introduction in the early 20th century, the headgear has saved countless lives and is considered the number one safety tool for construction workers.自 20 世紀初問世以來,這種頭部防護具已拯救無數生命,被視為建築工人的頭號安全工具。
- introduction:這裡是「問世、引進」
- headgear:「頭部穿戴物」
- the number one:「第一名的」
- construction worker:「建築工人」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Music was moving out of the relatively small halls of Mozart’s day into the large concert halls of the 19th century, and without amplification, the glass armonica simply couldn’t be heard.音樂的演出空間正從莫札特時代相對較小的廳堂,轉移到 19 世紀的大型音樂廳,而沒有擴音設備,玻璃琴根本聽不見。
- hall:「廳堂」
- concert hall:「音樂廳」
- amplification:「擴音」
- simply couldn't be heard:「就是聽不到」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 5 段But even more serious is their environmental impact: Millions of plastic discards end up in landfills or the ocean, releasing chemicals and at the same time taking centuries to decompose.但更嚴重的是它們對環境的影響:數百萬塑膠丟棄物最後進入掩埋場或海洋,釋放化學物質,同時需要數世紀才能分解。
- environmental impact:「環境影響」
- discard:這裡是名詞,「丟棄物」
- end up in…:「最後進入…」
- release:「釋放」
- decompose:「分解」,de-(分開)+ compose(組成)
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇His pictures vividly portrayed the life of nineteenth-century Americans.他的畫生動描繪了十九世紀美國人的生活。
- portray:「描繪」
- nineteenth-century:「十九世紀的」,複合形容詞
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇High tea was served later in the day than afternoon tea in the nineteenth century.十九世紀時,傍晚茶比下午茶更晚供應。
- later in the day than…:「比…在一天中更晚」;high tea 與 afternoon tea 是兩種不同的茶
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 4 篇According to the passage, why was tea NOT a common drink of everyday life in the seventeenth century?根據文章,為什麼茶在十七世紀不是日常生活中常見的飲料?
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Winslow Homer (1836-1910) is regarded by many as the greatest American painter of the nineteenth century.Winslow Homer(1836–1910)被許多人視為十九世紀最偉大的美國畫家。
- be regarded as…:「被視為…」
- by many:「被許多人」
- the nineteenth century:「十九世紀」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段As tea became much cheaper during the nineteenth century, its popularity spread right through all corners of the British society.隨著茶在十九世紀變得便宜許多,它的受歡迎程度遍及英國社會的每個角落。
- as:這裡是「隨著」
- much cheaper:much 加強比較級
- right through…:「一直穿透…」,right 強調範圍之廣
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段A lover of tea since her childhood in Portugal, she brought tea-drinking to the English royal court and set a trend for the beverage in the seventeenth century.她從小在葡萄牙就愛喝茶,把喝茶帶進英國皇室宮廷,並在十七世紀帶起這種飲料的風潮。
- A lover of tea:「愛茶的人」
- since her childhood:「從童年起」
- set a trend for…:「帶起…的流行」
- beverage:「飲料」,比 drink 正式
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Many of his works—depictions of children at play and in school, farm girls attending to their work, hunters and their prey—have become classic images of nineteenth-century American life.他的許多作品描繪孩子玩耍與上學、農家女孩做事、獵人與獵物,已成為十九世紀美國生活的經典畫面。
- depiction:「描繪」,depict 的名詞
- attend to…:「專心處理…」
- prey:「獵物」,不可數
- depictions of…:同位語,說明 many of his works
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In the sixteenth century, when the Africans were taken from their homes to Brazil against their will and kept in slavery, Capoeira began to take form among the community of slaves for self-defense.十六世紀,非洲人被違反意願地從家園帶到巴西並被奴役時,Capoeira 開始在奴隸群體中成形,用來自衛。
- against one's will:「違反某人的意願」
- slavery:「奴役」,slave 的名詞
- take form:「成形」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists in the 17th century.蘋果在亞洲和歐洲已種植數千年,並在十七世紀由歐洲殖民者帶到北美洲。
- have been grown:現在完成式被動
- the 17th century:「十七世紀」
- were brought:被動語態
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
