學測考點
country
「國家」
- the most alcohol-dependent country
- the war-torn country of Syria
- began in the country
- a foreign country
- all countries are involved in
- across these countries
- other cities and countries
a country is said to…
「據說…」:be said to 後面接原形動詞(a country is said to have a comparative advantage)
學測原句
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段A country is said to have a comparative advantage over another when it can produce a commodity more cheaply.一個國家能以較低成本生產某商品時,就說它對另一國具有比較優勢。
- A country is said to V:「據說一個國家…」
- comparative advantage:「比較優勢」
- commodity:「商品」,多指原物料
- more cheaply:「更便宜地」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段People smile more when they are from countries that are high in individualism and low in population.來自個人主義強、人口少的國家的人,笑得比較多。
- be high in… / low in…:「…程度高 / 低」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Since then, capsule hotels have quickly spread to other cities and countries.從那時起,膠囊旅館迅速擴散到其他城市與國家。
- since then:「從那時起」,搭配現在完成式
- spread:「擴散」,三態同形(spread-spread-spread)
- 113 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›In some countries, military service is compulsory for men only; women do not have to serve in the military.在某些國家,服兵役只對男性是強制的,女性不必服兵役。
- military service:「兵役」
- serve in the military:「服兵役」
- men only:「只限男性」
- do not have to V:「不必…」
- 112 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Corrupt officials and misguided policies have crippled the country's economy and burdened its people with enormous foreign debts.貪腐的官員與錯誤的政策重創了這個國家的經濟,讓人民背上龐大的外債。
- corrupt:「貪腐的」
- misguided:「被誤導的」,形容 policies 時指「錯誤的」
- burden A with B:「讓 A 背負 B」,burden 名詞是「重擔」
- foreign debt:「外債」
- 111 學測|混合題(選項)Showing talent in sports after going to a foreign country.到國外之後在運動上展現天分。
- 110 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›One week after the typhoon, some bridges were finally opened and bus service resumed in the country's most severely damaged areas.颱風過後一週,一些橋梁終於重新通車,全國受災最嚴重地區的公車服務也恢復了。
- service:這裡是「(交通)班次服務」
- severely damaged:「嚴重受損的」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Ships are the lifeline of trade among countries.船隻是國家之間貿易的生命線。
- trade among countries:「國家之間的貿易」
- 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›To reach the goal of making her company a market leader, Michelle proposed a plan to open ten new stores around the country this year.為了達成讓公司成為市場領導者的目標,Michelle 提出了今年在全國開十家新店的計畫。
- reach the goal:「達成目標」
- market leader:「市場領導者」
- around the country:「全國各地」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段This can be done by, for example, learning new skills or traveling to new countries.例如,學習新技能或到新的國家旅行就能做到。
- this can be done by…:「這可以藉由…來做到」,by 後面接動名詞;for example 夾在句中表示舉例
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Why people are moving away from their own countries.為什麼人們正在離開自己的國家。
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Camake said, “They told me afterward that through our performance, they had a vision of our country, our village, without having to visit it.Camake 說:「他們事後告訴我,透過我們的表演,他們不用造訪,就對我們的國家、我們的村落有了印象。
- afterward:「事後」
- through…:「透過…」
- have a vision of…:「對…有印象、想像」
- without having to visit it:「不需要去造訪」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Russia is widely portrayed as the most alcohol-dependent country in the world.俄羅斯普遍被描繪成全世界最依賴酒精的國家。
- be portrayed as…:「被描繪成…」
- alcohol-dependent:「依賴酒精的」,depend on 是「依靠」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Critics of the country say that drinking is almost an inherent trait of the Russian people.批評這個國家的人說,喝酒幾乎是俄羅斯人與生俱來的特質。
- critic:「批評者」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The Russian state played a significant role in the spread of alcohol consumption in the country.俄羅斯國家在酒類消費於國內擴散的過程中,扮演了重要角色。
- play a significant role in…:「在…中扮演重要角色」
- the spread of…:「…的擴散」
- state:這裡指「國家 / 政府」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 5 段Government policies were made and public organizations established to prevent the spread of alcoholism in the country.政府制定政策、成立公共組織,防止酗酒問題在國內蔓延。
- policies were made and public organizations (were) established:省略第二個 were
- to prevent…:表目的
- alcoholism:「酒癮 / 酗酒」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The situation worsened when the industrial production of vodka began in the country, causing its prices to drop sharply and making it available to even low-income citizens.當國內開始工業化生產伏特加後,情況更加惡化:價格大幅下跌,連低收入的民眾也買得起。
- worsen:「惡化」,worse + en
- industrial production:「工業化生產」
- cause A to V:「使 A…」
- drop sharply:「驟降」
- available to…:「…買得到的」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Reducing waste of fish catch has become a serious issue today, when many countries are faced with food crises.如今許多國家面臨糧食危機,減少漁獲浪費已成為嚴重的議題。
- reducing waste:以 V-ing 開頭的一段話當主詞,指「減少浪費」這件事
- fish catch:「漁獲」
- when:指 today
- be faced with…:「面臨…」
- crisis:「危機」,複數是 crises
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段While the practice continued in some parts of the country until the 1970s, it declined as alarm clocks became more widespread and affordable.雖然這種做法在國內某些地方一直延續到 1970 年代,但隨著鬧鐘越來越普及、越來越買得起,它就逐漸衰退了。
- while:這裡表讓步,「雖然」
- practice:這裡是「做法 / 習慣」
- decline:「衰退」
- widespread:「普及的」,wide + spread
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The project not only helps Icelanders to get 30% more value from each cod than most developed countries, but also provides an effective model to promote resource efficiency worldwide.這項計畫不但幫助冰島人從每條鱈魚獲得比多數已開發國家多 30% 的價值,也提供一個有效的模式,在全球推廣資源效率。
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,而且 B」
- 30% more value:「多 30% 的價值」
- developed countries:「已開發國家」
- model:這裡是「模式 / 典範」
- worldwide:「全球」
- 111 學測|混合題(選項)Traveling through several countries before securing protection.在取得庇護之前,經過了好幾個國家。
- secure:這裡是「取得」
- 111 學測|混合題|第 2 段Yusra Mardini is a swimmer who grew up in the war-torn country of Syria.Yusra Mardini 是游泳選手,在飽受戰火摧殘的敘利亞長大。
- war-torn:「飽受戰爭摧殘的」,torn 是 tear(撕裂)的過去分詞
- grow up:「長大」
- Syria:「敘利亞」
- 111 學測|混合題|第 5 段When he was nine, the country’s civil war claimed the life of his mother and left him homeless.他九歲時,國內的內戰奪走了母親的性命,也讓他無家可歸。
- claim the life of…:「奪走…的性命」,claim 本義是「主張擁有」,災難把生命「拿走」
- leave him homeless:「使他無家可歸」
- 111 學測|混合題(題目)Which word in Popole Misenga’s story means “protection given by a country or embassy to refugees from another country”?Popole Misenga 的故事中,哪個字的意思是「一個國家或大使館給予來自另一個國家的難民的保護」?
- 這是簡答題
- 111 學測|混合題|第 3 段In 2015 when she was just a 17-year-old, her house was destroyed in the civil war, so she decided to flee her home country.2015 年她才 17 歲時,家在內戰中被摧毀,所以她決定逃離祖國。
- just a 17-year-old:「才 17 歲的人」
- civil war:「內戰」
- home country:「祖國」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways.該國一直受火車在鐵道上撞到鹿的問題所困擾。
- be troubled by…:「受…所困擾」
- collide with…:「與…相撞」
- railway:「鐵道」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 4 段This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI).這項新裝置由該國鐵道技術研究所(RTRI)的團隊發明。
- invent:「發明」
- Railway Technical Research Institute:「鐵道技術研究所」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段In 1945, devastated from the war, the country set about establishing a cheap industry that could rebuild its economy.1945 年,飽受戰火摧殘的日本,著手建立能重振經濟的低成本產業。
- set about V-ing:「著手做…」
- establish:「建立」
- rebuild:「重建」,re-(再)+ build
- 109 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Due to the global financial crisis, the country's exports decreased by 40 percent last month, the largest drop since 2000.由於全球金融危機,該國上個月的出口下降了 40%,是 2000 年以來最大的跌幅。
- due to…:「由於…」
- global financial crisis:「全球金融危機」
- by 40 percent:「幅度為 40%」
- drop:「下跌」
- 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The young generation in this country has shown less interest in factory work and other manual labor jobs, such as house construction and fruit picking.這個國家的年輕世代,對工廠工作和其他體力勞動的工作,例如蓋房子和採水果,興趣較低。
- show less interest in…:「對…的興趣較低」
- house construction:「蓋房子」
- fruit picking:「採水果」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Across these countries, violence has made 8,500 schools unusable.在這些國家,暴力使 8,500 所學校無法使用。
- across these countries:「在這些國家各地」
- make A + 形容詞:「使 A…」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries.國際貿易是國與國之間商品與服務的交換。
- goods:「商品」,複數
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The report examines nine countries where a state of war has become the norm.報告檢視了九個戰爭狀態已成常態的國家。
- examine:「檢視」
- state of war:「戰爭狀態」
- the norm:「常態」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Today, all countries are involved in, and to varying degrees dependent on, trade with other countries.如今,所有國家都參與與其他國家的貿易,並且在不同程度上依賴它。
- be involved in…:「參與…」
- to varying degrees:「在不同程度上」
- dependent on…:「依賴…」
- all countries are involved in, and…dependent on, trade:兩個形容詞共用 trade 當受詞
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Within the country, the quality and availability of education depends on whether a particular region is suffering violence.在國內,教育的品質與可及性,取決於特定地區是否正遭受暴力。
- availability:「可取得性」
- depend on whether…:「取決於是否…」
- suffer:「遭受」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Trade is driven by different production costs in different countries, making it cheaper for some countries to import goods rather than make them.貿易是由各國不同的生產成本所推動,讓某些國家進口商品比自己製造便宜。
- be driven by…:「由…推動」
- production cost:「生產成本」
- making it cheaper:分詞構句,表示結果,it 是形式受詞,真正的受詞是 to import goods…
- rather than:「而不是」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 5 段Cartier-Bresson’s subsequent work to document Gandhi’s death and its immediate impact on the country became one of Life Magazine’s most prized photo essays.Cartier-Bresson 後來記錄甘地之死及其對國家立即影響的作品,成為《生活》雜誌最受珍視的攝影專題之一。
- subsequent:「後來的」
- document:這裡是動詞,「記錄」
- immediate impact:「立即的影響」
- prized:「受珍視的」
- photo essay:「攝影專題」
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