學測考點
fresh water
「淡水」:不是「新鮮的水」,而是不含鹽分的淡水,和 salt water 相對(fresh water for drinking)
學測原句
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Most parts of Taiwan have access to sufficient supplies of fresh water for drinking.台灣大部分地區都有充足的淡水可供飲用。
- have access to…:「能取得…」
- sufficient:「充足的」
- supply:「供應量」,常用複數 supplies
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The local farmers' market is popular as it offers a variety of fresh seasonal produce to people in the community.這個當地的農夫市集很受歡迎,因為它為社區居民提供各式各樣的新鮮當季農產品。
- produce 當名詞是「農產品」,當動詞是「生產」;名詞重音在第一音節,動詞重音在第二音節
- a variety of…:「各式各樣的…」,後面接複數名詞或不可數名詞
- seasonal:「當季的」,season 是「季節」
- 109 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The potato chips have been left uncovered on the table for such a long time that they no longer taste fresh and crispy.洋芋片沒蓋起來放在桌上太久,已經不再新鮮酥脆了。
- potato chips:「洋芋片」
- leave A uncovered:「讓 A 沒蓋著」
- such…that…:「如此…以致於…」
- no longer:「不再」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇The urgent need to turn seawater into fresh water.把海水變成淡水的迫切需求。
- urgent:「迫切的」
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇If a sea snake was dried and weak, it drank more fresh water.如果海蛇又乾又虛弱,牠會喝更多淡水。
- if…was…, it drank…:if 子句用過去式,描述實驗中發生的事
- dried:「乾癟的」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇The increasing population in Saudi Arabia has resulted in shortages of fresh water.沙烏地阿拉伯人口增加,導致淡水短缺。
- result in…:「導致…」
- shortage:「短缺」
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段To turn seawater into fresh water, we need to remove the salt in seawater, that is, to desalinate seawater.要把海水變成淡水,我們需要去除海水中的鹽,也就是淡化海水。
- turn A into B:「把 A 變成 B」
- remove:「去除」
- desalinate:「淡化」,de-(去除)+ salt(鹽)
- that is:「也就是說」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段But fresh water can be in short supply in many arid regions of the world such as Saudi Arabia, where there are limited water resources.但在世界上許多乾燥的地區,例如水資源有限的沙烏地阿拉伯,淡水可能供應不足。
- in short supply:「供應不足」
- such as Saudi Arabia, where…:where 補充說明沙烏地阿拉伯
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段As the world population continues to grow, shortages of fresh water will occur more often and the need for additional water supplies will become critical.隨著世界人口持續成長,淡水短缺會更常發生,對額外水源的需求也會變得迫切。
- as:這裡是「隨著」
- shortage:「短缺」,short 的名詞
- critical:這裡是「迫切的、關鍵的」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段Despite the economic and environmental hurdles, desalination is becoming increasingly attractive as human beings are using up fresh water from other sources.儘管有經濟與環境上的阻礙,隨著人類用盡其他來源的淡水,海水淡化正變得越來越有吸引力。
- despite:「儘管」,後面接名詞
- hurdle:「障礙」,本義是「跨欄」
- use up:「用盡」,up 在這裡是「到底、到完」,用到完就是「用盡」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇If captured in the wet season, sea snakes drank a lot of fresh water.如果在雨季被捕獲,海蛇會喝很多淡水。
- if captured:省略 they were
- wet season:「雨季」
- a lot of…:「很多…」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇They usually live near the coastal area where there is more fresh water.牠們通常住在淡水較多的沿海地區。
- coastal area:「沿海地區」
- where there is more fresh water:where 引導形容詞子句,修飾 area
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Because yellow-bellied sea snakes usually spend all of their time far from land, rain is the animals’ only source of fresh water.因為黃腹海蛇通常一直待在遠離陸地的地方,雨水是牠們唯一的淡水來源。
- spend all of their time far from land:「一直待在遠離陸地的地方」
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段They found that during the dry season about half of the snakes accepted fresh water offered to them, while nearly none did during the wet season.他們發現,在乾季,約有一半的蛇接受提供給牠們的淡水,而在雨季幾乎沒有蛇接受。
- accept:「接受」
- offered to them:過去分詞,修飾 fresh water
- while:這裡是「而」,表示對比
- nearly none:「幾乎沒有」
- wet season:「雨季」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段When it rains, a thin layer of fresh water forms on top of the ocean, providing the snakes with a fleeting opportunity to lap up that precious resource.下雨時,海面上會形成一層薄薄的淡水,讓蛇有短暫的機會舔食這項珍貴資源。
- thin layer:「薄層」
- form:這裡是不及物動詞,「形成」
- lap up:「舔食」
近義字
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