學測考點
group
「團體、群」
- the group hiked for 36 hours
- a group of business and academic leaders
- big groups
- move in groups
- animal rights groups
- an artist group
- a group in the UK
- online support groups
學測原句
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段This is of great significance for the peace and harmony in the group.這對群體內的和平與和諧非常重要。
- be of great significance:「非常重要」,of + 名詞 = 形容詞(of significance = significant),比 very important 正式
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The group was supposed to have a large-circle discussion in their beautiful garden.這群人原本打算在漂亮的花園裡進行大圓圈式的討論。
- be supposed to V:「原本應該 / 預計要…」,was supposed to 常暗示事情沒照計畫走,下一句 it started pouring 就是轉折
- large-circle:「大圓圈的」
- 113 學測|混合題(選項)They share information with their group members.牠們和同伴分享資訊。
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The Maasai are a semi-nomadic group in Kenya and northern Tanzania, wandering in bands and living almost entirely on the meat, blood, and milk of their herds.馬賽人是肯亞和坦尚尼亞北部的半遊牧族群,成群漫遊,幾乎完全靠牲畜的肉、血和奶維生。
- semi-nomadic:「半遊牧的」,semi-(半)+ nomadic
- wander in bands:「成群漫遊」
- live on…:「靠…維生」
- herd:「牲畜群」
- almost entirely:「幾乎完全」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段But that idea led to strong protests from numerous animal rights groups.但這個想法引發了許多動物權益團體的強烈抗議。
- lead to…:「導致…」
- animal rights group:「動物權益團體」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段A group in the UK even started a website devoted to "beating Blue Monday."英國甚至有團體成立網站,專門「擊敗憂鬱星期一」。
- a website devoted to…:「致力於…的網站」
- beat:「擊敗」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段When the male dies, the group needs a new “security guard.”雄魚死後,這個群體需要新的「保全人員」。
- security guard:「保全人員」,這裡比喻保護群體的雄魚
- 107 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›After delivering a very powerful speech, the award winner was surrounded by a group of fans asking for her signature.發表了一場很有力的演說後,得獎者被一群要簽名的粉絲團團圍住。
- delivering a speech:「發表演說」
- ask for:「要」
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›People in this community tend to identify with the group they belong to, and often put group interests before personal ones.這個社區的人傾向認同自己所屬的團體,並常把團體利益放在個人利益之前。
- tend to V:「傾向…」
- belong to…:「屬於…」
- put A before B:「把 A 放在 B 之前」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Some kindergartens have adopted teaching methods along blood group lines, and even major companies reportedly make decisions about assignments based on an employee’s blood type.有些幼稚園採用依血型分組的教學方法,據報導甚至大公司也依員工的血型決定工作分配。
- adopt:「採用」
- along…lines:「按照…的分類」
- assignment:這裡是「工作分配」
- based on…:「根據…」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇The group was founded by a PE teacher.這個團體是由一位體育老師創立的。
- found:「創立」(過去式 founded)
- PE:體育課,physical education 的縮寫
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Then the group hiked for 36 hours across the island to reach a whaling station.接著這群人徒步 36 小時橫越全島,抵達一座捕鯨站。
- hike:「健行、徒步」
- whaling station:「捕鯨站」,whale 是「鯨魚」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段It is customary for big groups to enjoy simple dishes together as a joyful social activity.一大群人一起享用簡單的菜餚、當作一項歡樂的社交活動,是很常見的習慣。
- it is customary for someone to V:「某人…是慣例、很常見」,custom「習俗」+ -ary
- social activity:「社交活動」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段When all members in a group know what's going on with each other, it is less likely that they will fight.當群體裡每個成員都知道彼此的近況時,就比較不容易打架。
- know what's going on with someone:「知道某人的近況」
- it is less likely that…:「比較不可能…」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段These are often places where the needs and rights of the individual take precedence over those of the group.這些地方通常是個人的需求和權利優先於群體的地方。
- take precedence over…:「優先於」,precede 是「走在前面」,precedence 就是「走在前面的地位」
- those of the group:those 代替前面的 the needs and rights
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In particular, they leave their poop in the same place for all the other members in the group to smell—just like humans leaving messages on social media.具體來說,牠們會把糞便留在同一個地方,讓群體裡其他成員都能聞到,就像人類在社群媒體上留言一樣。
- in particular:「特別是」,particular 是「特定的」,就是特別指出某一點
- for all the other members to smell:for + 人 + to V,「讓…去聞」
- just like humans leaving…:leaving 修飾 humans
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 2 段It is the only one of the whole group that survived the French Revolution, while the rest were melted down for weapons.它是整組鐘裡唯一撐過法國大革命的,其餘的鐘都被熔掉去製造武器。
- the only one of… that survived:「…當中唯一撐過…的」
- survive:「撐過、倖存」,活過了那場災難
- the rest:「其餘的」
- melt down:「熔化」
- while:這裡表對比,「而」
- 背景:法國大革命(French Revolution)始於 1789 年;革命期間許多教堂的鐘被收走熔掉,金屬拿去鑄造武器。
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In 1995, a group of business and academic leaders met at the home of Juanita Brown and David Isaacs in Mill Valley, California.1995 年,一群企業界與學術界的領袖,在加州 Mill Valley 的 Juanita Brown 與 David Isaacs 家中聚會。
- a group of…:「一群…」
- academic:「學術的」,academy 是「學院」
- 背景:這場聚會催生了「世界咖啡館」(World Café),一種讓大家分成小桌輪流交流的討論方式;米爾谷是舊金山北邊的小城。
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Since that rainy morning in Mill Valley, the World Café approach has been applied to multi-group discussions and cooperative actions by businesses, industries, and educational institutions around the world.自從 Mill Valley 那個下雨的早晨起,World Café 的方法已被全世界的企業、產業與教育機構,運用在多組討論與合作行動上。
- since…, has been applied:since 搭配現在完成式,「從那時到現在」
- apply A to B:「把 A 運用到 B」,本義是把 A 放到 B 上面
- multi-group:「多組的」
- cooperative:「合作的」,co-(一起)+ operate(運作)
- 113 學測|混合題|第 1 段Many animals are known to live and move in groups to secure food and avoid predators.許多動物都以群體方式生活與移動,來確保食物並躲避掠食者。
- be known to V:「已知會…」
- secure:這裡當動詞,「確保 / 取得」
- predator:「掠食者」,被牠吃的動物叫 prey「獵物」
- 113 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›David felt disappointed when he found out that he could not choose his study partners, but would be randomly placed in a study group.David 發現自己不能選學習夥伴,而是會被隨機分到一個學習小組時,感到很失望。
- find out that…:「發現…」
- study partner:「學習夥伴」
- be placed in…:「被分到…」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段Normally, the birds enjoy a smooth flight together as a group when “commuting” between two locations, such as from their nesting site to their feeding ground.平常這些鳥「通勤」於兩個地點之間時,例如從築巢處到覓食地,會以群體一起平穩飛行。
- smooth:「平穩的」
- commute:「通勤」,加引號是因為鳥不是真的上班
- nesting site:「築巢處」
- feeding ground:「覓食地」
- such as…:「例如…」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 1 段Over the years, people have been curious about the way they deal with disturbances arising from the environment, and the operations underlying their responses as a group.多年來,人們一直很好奇,牠們如何應付來自環境的干擾,以及牠們作為一個群體做出反應時背後的運作方式。
- over the years:「多年來」
- be curious about…:「對…好奇」
- disturbance:「干擾」
- arising from…:「由…產生的」
- the way (that) they deal with…:「牠們處理…的方式」
- underlying:「背後的」,under + lie(躺),躺在下面看不到
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段Instead of paying attention to all the other members and following the group pattern, they now focus only on the birds within a fixed distance from them, based on information coming from other members.牠們不再關注所有其他成員、遵循群體模式,而是只專注在距離自己固定範圍內的鳥,並依據其他成員傳來的資訊行動。
- instead of + V-ing:「而不是…」
- pay attention to…:「注意…」,to 是介系詞
- within a fixed distance:「在固定距離內」
- based on…:「根據…」
- coming from…:「來自…的」
- 110 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›To encourage classroom interaction, the teacher divided the class into groups and asked them to solve a problem together with their partners.為了促進課堂互動,老師把班上分成幾組,請他們和夥伴一起解決一個問題。
- divide A into B:「把 A 分成 B」
- partner:「夥伴」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Henna Heals, an artist group based in Canada, uses henna tattoos to help women suffering from cancer feel confident and beautiful again.以加拿大為據點的藝術家團體 Henna Heals,用海娜刺青幫助罹癌女性重拾自信與美麗。
- based in…:「以…為據點」
- suffer from…:「受…所苦」
- help someone V:「幫助某人…」
- feel confident:「感到自信」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group.雄性天使魚是群體中最強壯、最大的成員。
- the strongest and largest member:「最強壯也最大的成員」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段This is when the largest female in the group begins to change in appearance.這時,群體中最大的雌魚開始改變外觀。
- this is when…:「這就是…的時候」
- appearance:「外觀」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Angelfish live in groups, and each group has one male fish, which is blue in color, and four female fish, which are yellow.天使魚成群生活,每群有一隻藍色的雄魚和四隻黃色的雌魚。
- live in groups:「成群生活」
- which is blue in color:「顏色是藍色的」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段After testing these brands on five different groups of live bedbugs for two hours, the scientists saw that the foggers had little—if any—effect on the insects.這些品牌在五組活臭蟲身上測試兩小時後,科學家發現殺蟲煙霧劑對昆蟲幾乎沒有效果,即使有,也很小。
- after testing…:after + V-ing
- live:這裡讀 /laɪv/,「活的」
- little—if any—effect:「即使有,效果也很小」,if any 是插入語
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇The group was first established in 2009.這個團體最早成立於 2009 年。
- establish:「成立」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Winning international fame, however, was neither the original intention nor the main reason why Camake founded the group in 2006.然而,贏得國際名聲,既不是 Camake 2006 年創立這個團體的原本意圖,也不是主要原因。
- winning international fame:以 V-ing 開頭的一段話當主詞,指「贏得國際名聲」這件事
- neither A nor B:「既不是 A 也不是 B」
- found:這裡是動詞,「創立」,founded 是過去式
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In 2011, they were voted as one of the world’s top five performance groups by audiences of Japan Broadcasting Corporation’s Amazing Voice program.2011 年,他們被日本放送協會《Amazing Voice》節目的觀眾票選為世界前五大表演團體之一。
- be voted as…:「被投票選為…」
- audience:「觀眾」,集合名詞
- Corporation:「公司、協會」
- one of the world's top five performance groups:「世界前五大表演團體之一」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Recalling the group’s first tour in Europe, Camake Valaule, a physical education teacher and the founder of the Taiwu Elementary School Folk Singers, admitted that he felt very nervous.回想起團隊第一次的歐洲巡演,泰武國小古謠傳唱隊的創辦人、同時也是體育老師的 Camake Valaule 承認,他當時非常緊張。
- recalling…:分詞構句,表示他回想
- tour:「巡演」
- physical education:「體育」
- admit:「承認」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after consulting with other patients in online support groups.經過數年身體上的痛苦,以及醫療費用造成的近乎財務破產,這對夫妻在與網路支持團體中的其他病人諮詢後,開始質疑這些治療。
- near financial ruin:「近乎財務破產」
- question:這裡是動詞,「質疑」
- consult with…:「與…商量」
- support group:「支持團體」
近義字
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
