學測考點
men only
「只限男性」(for men only)
only 放動詞前 / 副詞前
「只」:only 放在動詞前或副詞(片語)前面,表示限定
- people only drank beverages
- active only during the first
- only under certain
- only served at coffee houses in London
- can now only be found in a museum
only to do something
「結果卻…」(rushed to the supermarket—only to)
only when / only after
「只有當…才…」:only when / only after 後面接條件或時間(only when the cabinet door opens、only after he returned home)
not only A but also B
「不只 A,而且 B」:not only A but also B
- not only the safety of the ship but also
- comfort not only the baby but also the mother
- not only realized his dream but also
- not only a physical but also a mental exercise
only 句首倒裝
「只有…」:only 放句首,強調後面這個部分(only their choice of)
學測原句
- 113 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›In some countries, military service is compulsory for men only; women do not have to serve in the military.在某些國家,服兵役只對男性是強制的,女性不必服兵役。
- military service:「兵役」
- serve in the military:「服兵役」
- men only:「只限男性」
- do not have to V:「不必…」
- 112 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Upon the super typhoon warning, Nancy rushed to the supermarket—only to find the shelves almost bare and the stock nearly gone.一聽到超級颱風警報,Nancy 就衝去超市,結果發現貨架幾乎空了,存貨也快沒了。
- upon + 名詞:「一…就…」,upon the warning 是「一聽到警報」
- rush to…:「衝去…」
- only to V:「結果卻…」
- stock:這裡是「存貨」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇The Kiddie Stool will swing out only when the cabinet door opens.兒童凳只有在櫃門打開時才會擺出來。
- swing out:「擺出」
- only when…:「只有當…時」
- cabinet door:「櫃門」
- 108 學測|文意選填|第 1 段Dad certainly had the list ready when he left for the market, but he would somehow forget it, and then would find it again only after he returned home.爸爸出門去市場時確實準備好了清單,但他不知怎麼就是會忘記帶,直到回家後才又找到。
- certainly:「確實」
- would:表示過去的習慣
- only after…:「直到…之後才」
- find it again:「又找到它」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段White rhinoceroses, it turns out, do the same thing—only their choice of meeting place is a giant pile of poop.結果發現,白犀牛也會做同樣的事,只不過牠們選的聚會地點,是一大堆糞便。
- it turns out:「結果發現」,用在事情的真相後來才顯現
- white rhinoceros:「白犀牛」,口語縮寫 rhino
- do the same thing:「做同樣的事」
- only 在這裡是「只不過」,帶出和前面不同的地方
- a pile of…:「一堆…」
- poop:口語的「大便」;feces「糞便」是醫學、科學用字,人和動物都可用;dung 專指動物(尤其牛馬)的糞便
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Ultimately, dim sum—the food—is only a small part of the dim sum experience.說到底,點心這種食物本身,只是「吃點心」這整個體驗的一小部分。
- ultimately:「最終、說到底」,ultimate「最後的」
- dim sum—the food:the food 是同位語,強調「食物本身」,對比後面整個 experience(體驗)
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段People only drank beverages with low alcohol content.人們只喝酒精含量低的飲料。
- alcohol content:「酒精含量」
- beverages with…:「具有…的飲料」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇It was the only national park established because of Moran’s works.它是唯一因為 Moran 的作品而設立的國家公園。
- the only…established because of…:established 是過去分詞,修飾 national park
- works:這裡指「作品」,複數
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Until now, only smaller tea brands have been certified, but awareness is growing.到目前為止,只有較小的茶葉品牌通過認證,但大眾的意識正在提高。
- until now:「到目前為止」
- awareness:「意識」,aware 是「察覺到的」
- 111 學測|混合題|第 6 段However, each time he lost a competition, his coaches would lock him in a cage for days, feeding him only coffee and bread.然而,每次他輸掉比賽,教練就會把他鎖在籠子裡好幾天,只給他咖啡和麵包吃。
- each time + 子句:「每次…」
- lock someone in a cage:「把某人鎖在籠子裡」
- for days:「好幾天」
- would lock:過去的習慣
- feeding him only…:分詞構句,「只餵他…」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Over the years, only the edible soft inner flesh has been used.多年來,人們一直只利用其中可食用的柔軟肉質部分。
- over the years:「多年來」
- inner flesh:「內部的肉質部分」,不限定是果肉
- 109 學測|文意選填|第 2 段In fact, some researchers believe that the transfer of dimples from parents to children takes only one gene.事實上,有些研究者認為,酒窩從父母傳給子女,只需要一個基因。
- transfer:「傳遞」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Only a third of people are disturbed by the song in their heads.只有三分之一的人被腦中的歌困擾。
- a third:「三分之一」
- be disturbed by…:「被…困擾」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇Lullabies comfort not only the baby but also the mother.搖籃曲不只安慰嬰兒,也安慰母親。
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,也 B」
- comfort:這裡是動詞,「安慰」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇It was only served at coffee houses in London.它只在倫敦的咖啡館供應。
- only 位於 was 和 served 之間,但限定的是後面的地點,意思是「只在倫敦的咖啡館」
- coffee house:「咖啡館」
- be served:「被供應」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇To prove that sea snakes drink only water coming from rivers.為了證明海蛇只喝來自河流的水。
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year.現在她一年只看醫生四、五次。
- four or five times a year:「一年四、五次」
- 115 學測|混合題|第 7 段From fashion items to rice snacks, it carries products only from local makers and small businesses owned by indigenous people.從時尚商品到米製零食,這家店只賣在地製作者和原住民經營的小商家的產品。
- carry:「(店)有賣」,原意是「攜帶」,店「帶著」這些貨
- owned by…:「由…擁有的」,分詞修飾 businesses
- 115 學測|混合題|第 2 段As numerous new restaurants and shops have sprung up in recent years, it has become not only a cultural center but also a unique commercial zone.近年來出現許多新餐廳和商店,它不只是文化中心,也成了獨特的商業區。
- numerous:「很多的」,number 的形容詞
- spring up:「冒出來」(見 115-025)
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,還有 B」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段The news made headlines around the world, not only for the incredible achievement of the search team, but because the discovery marked the final chapter in a legendary story of extraordinary courage and perseverance.這則消息登上全球頭條,不只因為搜尋團隊的驚人成就,更因為這項發現為一段充滿非凡勇氣與毅力的傳奇故事畫下最後一章。
- make headlines:「上頭條」,headline 是報紙標題
- not only for…, but because…:「不只因為…,更因為…」
- mark:「標誌著」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段Thus, only the government was permitted to produce the alcohol.因此,只有政府獲准生產這種酒。
- be permitted to V:「獲准…」,permit 是「允許」
- only the government:only 放在句首修飾 the government
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 2 段It is the only one of the whole group that survived the French Revolution, while the rest were melted down for weapons.它是整組鐘裡唯一撐過法國大革命的,其餘的鐘都被熔掉去製造武器。
- the only one of… that survived:「…當中唯一撐過…的」
- survive:「撐過、倖存」,活過了那場災難
- the rest:「其餘的」
- melt down:「熔化」
- while:這裡表對比,「而」
- 背景:法國大革命(French Revolution)始於 1789 年;革命期間許多教堂的鐘被收走熔掉,金屬拿去鑄造武器。
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段Such minimalist design is what makes these hotels both inexpensive and efficient, providing only the essential elements for a good night sleep.這種極簡設計正是這些旅館既便宜又有效率的原因,只提供一夜好眠所需的基本要素。
- minimalist:「極簡主義的」,minimal 是「最小限度的」
- what makes…:「使…的原因」
- providing only…:分詞構句,補充說明;a good night sleep 的標準寫法是 a good night's sleep
- 113 學測|文意選填|第 2 段The booth he built housed only an old dial phone with a disconnected phone line.他蓋的電話亭裡只放了一支老式撥盤電話,電話線也是斷開的。
- house:這裡當動詞,「容納 / 裝著」,名詞 house 是房子,動詞就是給東西一個家
- the booth (that) he built:省略關係代名詞
- dial phone:「撥盤式電話」
- disconnected:「斷線的」,dis-(不)+ connected
- 113 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Located at the center of the city, the business hotel promises not only good service but also convenient public transport.這家位於市中心的商務旅館,保證有良好的服務,大眾運輸也很方便。
- located at…:分詞構句,等於 which is located at…
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,而且 B」
- public transport:「大眾運輸」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The project not only helps Icelanders to get 30% more value from each cod than most developed countries, but also provides an effective model to promote resource efficiency worldwide.這項計畫不但幫助冰島人從每條鱈魚獲得比多數已開發國家多 30% 的價值,也提供一個有效的模式,在全球推廣資源效率。
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,而且 B」
- 30% more value:「多 30% 的價值」
- developed countries:「已開發國家」
- model:這裡是「模式 / 典範」
- worldwide:「全球」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段Instead of paying attention to all the other members and following the group pattern, they now focus only on the birds within a fixed distance from them, based on information coming from other members.牠們不再關注所有其他成員、遵循群體模式,而是只專注在距離自己固定範圍內的鳥,並依據其他成員傳來的資訊行動。
- instead of + V-ing:「而不是…」
- pay attention to…:「注意…」,to 是介系詞
- within a fixed distance:「在固定距離內」
- based on…:「根據…」
- coming from…:「來自…的」
- 112 學測|混合題(題目)From (A) to (H) in the above chatroom discussions, which ones show that GreenBurger can be a choice for the chatroom participants themselves only under certain circumstances?從上面聊天室討論的 (A) 到 (H) 中,哪些顯示 GreenBurger 只在某些情況下,才會是聊天室參與者自己的選擇?
- 多選題
- under certain circumstances:「在某些情況下」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 5 段Researchers further point out that in most people synesthesia is active only during the first months of their infancy, while this ability remains forever in certain individuals.研究者進一步指出,大多數人的共感覺只在嬰兒期最初幾個月有作用,但某些人終身保有這種能力。
- infancy:「嬰兒期」,infant 是「嬰兒」
- active:「有作用的」
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- certain individuals:「某些人」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Up until recently, the only way for a Maasai boy to achieve warrior status was to single-handedly kill a lion with his spear.直到不久前,馬賽男孩要取得戰士身分,唯一的方法是單憑一把矛獨自殺死一頭獅子。
- up until recently:「直到最近」
- achieve warrior status:「取得戰士身分」
- single-handedly:「單獨一人地」,single + hand
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段They have learned that damage of retina can cause blindness in zebrafish, yet it only takes about three to four weeks before vision is restored.他們發現,視網膜受損會造成斑馬魚失明,但只要約三到四週,視力就會恢復。
- damage:這裡是名詞,「損傷」
- it only takes…before…:「只要…就…」
- restore:「恢復」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Only a few centimeters in length, the fish breed easily in captivity, grow quickly, and their transparent body makes it easy to study their organs.這種魚只有幾公分長,在人工飼養下容易繁殖、成長快速,透明的身體也讓研究牠們的器官很容易。
- only a few centimeters in length:「長度只有幾公分」
- in captivity:「在圈養狀態下」
- make it easy to V:「讓…很容易」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Only people who paid their taxes were permitted to travel to different regions of the Caliphate.只有繳稅的人才被允許前往哈里發國的不同地區。
- only people who…:「只有…的人」
- be permitted to V:「被允許…」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Concert reviews from the period mourned the fact that the armonica sounded wonderful—only when it could be heard.當時的音樂會評論都哀嘆,玻璃琴只有在聽得到的時候才聽起來美妙。
- from the period:「來自那個時期」
- mourn:「哀嘆」
- mourn the fact that…:「哀嘆…這個事實」
- only when it could be heard:「只有在聽得到的時候」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段For one thing, only the husk of the cactus is used for generating biofuel, while its inner flesh is still preserved for food.首先,只有仙人掌的外殼被用來製造生質燃料,內部肉質部分仍保留下來供食用。
- for one thing:「首先」
- generate:「產生」
- preserve:「保留」
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The study warned that Papua's glaciers are only the "first to go" if greenhouse gases are left unchecked and temperatures continue rising.這項研究警告,若放任溫室氣體不管、氣溫持續上升,Papua 的冰河只是「最先消失」的。
- warn:「警告」
- greenhouse gases:「溫室氣體」
- be left unchecked:「不受控制」,check 這裡是「抑制」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, was not only a great politician but also a highly accomplished scientist and inventor.美國開國元勳之一的富蘭克林,不只是偉大的政治家,也是成就非凡的科學家和發明家。
- the Founding Fathers:「開國元勳」
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,也 B」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段The pilot is responsible for not only the safety of the ship but also the protection of the port and the marine environment.引水人不只負責船的安全,還負責保護港口與海洋環境。
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,也 B」
- marine environment:「海洋環境」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The pineapple, a delicious tropical fruit, has been valued for centuries not only for its distinct and unique taste, but also for its miraculous health and medical benefits.鳳梨是美味的熱帶水果,幾世紀以來受到重視,不只是因為它獨特的風味,也因為神奇的健康與醫療功效。
- be valued for…:「因…受到重視」
- miraculous:「神奇的」,miracle 是「奇蹟」
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,也 B」
- medical benefits:「醫療功效」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段While many of these poles can still be found in various locations on the west coast of North America, there is one pole that can now only be found in a museum—the shame pole.雖然這些柱子有許多仍可在北美西岸各地看到,有一種柱子現在只能在博物館看到,那就是羞辱柱。
- various locations:「各個地點」
- the west coast:「西岸」
- there is one pole that…:「有一種柱子…」,shame pole 是同位語
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段At present, desalinating seawater is the only viable way to provide water to growing populations in rural areas of the Middle East and North Africa.目前,淡化海水是為中東與北非農村成長中人口供水唯一可行的方法。
- at present:「目前」
- provide water to…:「供水給…」
- growing populations:「成長中的人口」
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The findings conclude that workers are actually most productive when the weather is lousy—and only if nothing reminds them of good weather.研究結果認為,員工在天氣很糟時其實生產力最高,而且前提是沒有任何東西讓他們想起好天氣。
- conclude:這裡是「得出結論」
- lousy:「很糟的」,口語
- only if…:「只有在…的時候」
- nothing reminds them of…:「沒有東西讓他們想起…」,remind A of B
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Because yellow-bellied sea snakes usually spend all of their time far from land, rain is the animals’ only source of fresh water.因為黃腹海蛇通常一直待在遠離陸地的地方,雨水是牠們唯一的淡水來源。
- spend all of their time far from land:「一直待在遠離陸地的地方」
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 105 學測|文意選填|第 4 段After years of hard work, Kareem has not only realized his dream but also transformed a piece of deserted property into a beautiful forest.經過多年努力,Kareem 不但實現了他的夢想,還把一塊荒廢的土地轉變為美麗的森林。
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,也 B」
- realize:這裡是「實現」
- transform A into B:「把 A 轉變為 B」
- deserted:「荒廢的」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段In 2011, a minister, Ryu Matsumoto, was forced to resign after only a week in office, when a bad-tempered encounter with local officials was televised.2011 年,一位部長 Ryu Matsumoto 在上任僅一週後被迫辭職,因為他與地方官員一次火爆的衝突被電視播出。
- be forced to V:「被迫…」
- in office:「在職」
- bad-tempered:「脾氣壞的」
- encounter:這裡是名詞,「衝突、遭遇」
- televise:「電視播送」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Tai Chi Chuan is not only a physical but also a mental exercise.太極拳不只是身體的運動,也是心理的運動。
- not only A but also B:「不只 A,也 B」
- mental:「心理、心智的」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段However, the peacock receives only scorn from the rest of the world.然而,世界其他地方對孔雀只有鄙視。
- receive scorn:「受到鄙視」
- the rest of the world:「世界其他地方」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段“It used to be that the only ones who could sing these songs were tribal elders aged between 50 and 60.「過去,只有年齡在 50 至 60 歲之間的部落長老會唱這些歌。
- it used to be that…:「過去的情形是…」
- elder:「長老」
- aged between 50 and 60:「年齡在 50 到 60 歲之間」
近義字
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
