學測考點
poop
口語的「大便」,名詞、動詞同形(a giant pile of poop)
學測原句
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段White rhinoceroses, it turns out, do the same thing—only their choice of meeting place is a giant pile of poop.結果發現,白犀牛也會做同樣的事,只不過牠們選的聚會地點,是一大堆糞便。
- it turns out:「結果發現」,用在事情的真相後來才顯現
- white rhinoceros:「白犀牛」,口語縮寫 rhino
- do the same thing:「做同樣的事」
- only 在這裡是「只不過」,帶出和前面不同的地方
- a pile of…:「一堆…」
- poop:口語的「大便」;feces「糞便」是醫學、科學用字,人和動物都可用;dung 專指動物(尤其牛馬)的糞便
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The researchers have even made "fake poop" to see how different rhinos would react.研究人員甚至做了「假糞便」,來看看不同的犀牛會有什麼反應。
- to see how…:「來看看…」,不定詞表目的
- react:「反應」,re-(回)+ act(動作),對刺激「做出回應」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Scientists studying white rhinos in South Africa have found that these animals leave messages in their poop.在南非研究白犀牛的科學家發現,這些動物會把訊息留在糞便裡。
- scientists studying white rhinos…:studying… 修飾 scientists,等於 scientists who study…;動詞是 have found
- leave messages in…:「把訊息留在…」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段They find that dominant males are particularly responsive to the "fake poop" that carries chemicals from females ready to mate.他們發現,居主導地位的雄犀牛對「假糞便」的反應特別強烈,這些假糞便帶有已準備好交配的雌犀牛所留下的化學物質。
- dominant:「居支配地位的」,dominant males 指群體中居主導地位的雄犀牛
- be responsive to…:「對…有反應」,respond + -ive
- ready to mate:「準備好交配」,mate 當動詞是「交配」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In particular, they leave their poop in the same place for all the other members in the group to smell—just like humans leaving messages on social media.具體來說,牠們會把糞便留在同一個地方,讓群體裡其他成員都能聞到,就像人類在社群媒體上留言一樣。
- in particular:「特別是」,particular 是「特定的」,就是特別指出某一點
- for all the other members to smell:for + 人 + to V,「讓…去聞」
- just like humans leaving…:leaving 修飾 humans
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The males sniff it for longer duration and come back to the same spot more frequently, a clear sign that they are gathering information about mating opportunities from the poop.雄犀牛會聞得比較久,也更常回到同一個地點,這明顯顯示牠們正從糞便中蒐集交配機會的資訊。
- sniff:「用鼻子聞」
- duration:「持續的時間」
- , a clear sign that…:用名詞補充說明前面整句話,「這明顯顯示…」
- gather:「蒐集」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Furthermore, different rhinos leave different chemicals in their poop, which provide important clues about the age, sex, general health, and reproductive conditions of each specific rhino.此外,不同的犀牛會在糞便裡留下不同的化學物質,這些物質提供了重要線索,透露每一隻犀牛的年齡、性別、整體健康與生殖狀況。
- furthermore:「此外」,further「更進一步」+ more
- , which provide…:which 指 chemicals,所以動詞用複數 provide
- reproductive:「生殖的」,reproduce「繁殖」的形容詞
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