學測原句
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇Where was the first spiral staircase constructed?第一座螺旋梯是在哪裡建造的?
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇What is the world’s most famous spiral staircase?世界上最有名的螺旋梯是哪一座?
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇Who was the first designer of the spiral staircase?螺旋梯的第一位設計者是誰?
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇Why is the spiral staircase popular in modern times?為什麼螺旋梯在現代很受歡迎?
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇The staircase was too narrow to allow any quick retreat.樓梯太窄,無法讓人快速撤退。
- too…to V:「太…而無法…」
- allow A:「容許 A」,這裡 allow any quick retreat=讓人快速撤退
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇The staircase was dark enough for defenders to hide from attackers.樓梯暗到足以讓守衛躲避攻擊者。
- 形容詞 + enough for someone to V:「…到足以讓某人…」
- defender:「守衛者」,defend 的名詞
- hide from…:「躲避…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The oldest spiral staircase still standing today is at Trajan’s Column in Rome.現存最古老的螺旋梯,在羅馬的 Trajan’s Column 裡。
- still standing:「至今還立著」
- 背景:圖拉真柱(Trajan's Column)是羅馬皇帝圖拉真為紀念戰功所建的石柱,柱身內部有螺旋梯通往頂端。
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 5 段Then, steel spiral staircases as fire escape stairs appeared in many buildings.接著,許多建築物出現了當作逃生梯用的鋼製螺旋梯。
- fire escape:「逃生梯」
- as:「當作」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The staircase was built in 113 AD, with a total of 185 steps carved in stone and marble.這座樓梯建於西元 113 年,共有 185 級用石頭和大理石雕成的階梯。
- AD:「西元」
- with a total of…:「總共有…」
- carve:「雕刻」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 2 篇Which of the following statements can be inferred about spiral staircases in the Medieval Ages?關於中世紀的螺旋梯,下列哪項敘述可以推論得知?
- 試題固定問法:問可以推論出什麼;infer「推論」,文章沒有直接寫出來,要從內容推得出來
- the Medieval Ages:「中世紀」,較常見的說法是 the Middle Ages
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Around this time, spiral staircases began to find much wider use in Roman architecture and across Europe.大約在這個時期,螺旋梯開始在羅馬建築和整個歐洲被更廣泛地使用。
- find wider use:「獲得更廣泛的使用」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段In Victorian times, cast iron spiral staircases were popular for public buildings and homes for the rich.維多利亞時代,鑄鐵螺旋梯在公共建築和有錢人家很受歡迎。
- Victorian:「維多利亞時代的」
- cast iron:「鑄鐵」,澆鑄成形的鐵
- the rich:「有錢人」,the + 形容詞表示一群人
- 背景:維多利亞時代(Victorian times)指英國維多利亞女王在位的 1837 到 1901 年。
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 5 段Today, spiral staircases come in a wide variety of materials: steel, wood, concrete, and recently even glass.如今,螺旋梯有各式各樣的材質:鋼、木頭、混凝土,最近甚至還有玻璃。
- come in…:「有…(種類)」
- a wide variety of…:「各式各樣的…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 2 篇According to the passage, which is a correct time sequence of the materials used in making spiral staircases?根據文章,製作螺旋梯所用的材料,哪一個是正確的時間順序?
- time sequence:「時間順序」
- spiral staircase:「螺旋梯」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段In the latter half of the 20th century, steel frames became cost-effective, and thus affordable for a much wider staircase market.20 世紀下半葉,鋼架變得划算,因此更多人買得起,樓梯市場也大為擴大。
- latter:「後面的」
- cost-effective:「划算的」
- affordable:「負擔得起的」,afford 是「負擔得起」+ -able
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The attackers’ challenge was further complicated by the uneven steps of the staircase, often strategically designed by the castle owners.階梯高低不一,常常是城堡主人刻意設計的,讓攻擊者的處境更加困難。
- complicate:「使複雜」,further complicated 是「更添困難」
- strategically:「有策略地」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段To begin with, these staircases were quite narrow, so attackers would have to ascend one at a time, making it impossible to launch a mass attack.首先,這些樓梯相當窄,攻擊者只能一次一個往上爬,不可能發動大規模攻擊。
- ascend:「往上爬」,相反是 descend「往下」
- one at a time:「一次一個」
- launch:「發動」,原意是「發射」,launch an attack 就是把攻擊「發射」出去
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In the Old Testament, reference is made to spiral staircases in the Temple of Solomon, suggesting that they were already in use by around 1,000 BC.《舊約聖經》提到所羅門聖殿裡有螺旋梯,顯示大約西元前 1000 年就已經在使用了。
- reference is made to…:「提到…」,等於 … is mentioned
- , suggesting that…:「這顯示…」
- in use:「使用中」
- BC:「西元前」
- 背景:《舊約聖經》(the Old Testament)是基督教聖經的前半部;所羅門聖殿是古代以色列國王所羅門在耶路撒冷建的聖殿。
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 5 段The timeless appeal of their classical design makes spiral staircases a much-desired feature in luxury homes, offices, and public buildings nowadays.經典設計帶來永不過時的魅力,讓螺旋梯成為今日豪宅、辦公室和公共建築中搶手的特色。
- timeless:「不受時間影響的」,time + less(沒有),所以永不過時
- make + 受詞 + 名詞:「讓…成為…」
- much-desired:「很多人想要的」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段In many old castles in Europe, visitors often find a fantastic spiral staircase, which provides a captivating focal point as it winds up the building.在歐洲許多古堡裡,遊客常會看到一座漂亮的螺旋梯,它盤旋而上,成為吸引目光的視覺焦點。
- spiral staircase:「螺旋梯」
- focal point:「焦點」,focus 的形容詞是 focal
- captivating:「迷人的」,captive 是「被俘虜的」,captivate 就是把人的注意力「抓住」
- wind:這裡念 /waɪnd/,是「蜿蜒」(也有「纏繞」的意思),過去式 wound,不是名詞「風」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Throughout the Middle Ages, winding staircases became a well-established feature of European castles, mainly for their advantages in helping to defend against attackers.整個中世紀期間,蜿蜒的樓梯成為歐洲城堡的固定特色,主要是因為它有助於抵禦攻擊者。
- throughout:「整段期間」
- the Middle Ages:「中世紀」,介於古代和近代之間的「中間」時代,所以叫 Middle
- well-established:「穩固確立的」
- defend against…:「防禦…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Being associated with medieval castles and kings, spiral staircases gradually won popularity in European architecture, with new materials emerging to cope with customers’ needs.由於讓人聯想到中世紀城堡與國王,螺旋梯逐漸在歐洲建築中流行起來,新的建材也隨之出現,以滿足顧客的需求。
- being associated with…:分詞構句表示原因
- win popularity:「受歡迎」
- cope with:「應付」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段This means that ascenders would have their right hand tight against the narrowest part of the staircases, close to the central pole, and as a result were unable to use their sword effectively.這表示往上爬的人右手會緊貼著樓梯最窄的部分、靠近中央柱子,結果沒辦法有效揮劍。
- ascender:「往上爬的人」,ascend + -er
- tight against…:「緊貼著…」,against 是「靠著頂著」,緊緊貼在樓梯最窄的地方,沒有空隙
- as a result:「結果」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The defenders, living in the castles, were familiar with the stair pattern and could retreat up them very swiftly; while the attackers were much more likely to stumble and fall, particularly in the dimly lit confines of the staircase.住在城堡裡的守軍熟悉階梯的規律,可以很快往上撤退;攻擊者則更容易絆倒跌落,尤其是在樓梯間光線昏暗的狹窄空間裡。
- defender:「守軍」,defend + -er
- swiftly:「迅速地」,比 quickly 書面
- dimly lit:「光線昏暗的」,lit 是 light 的過去分詞
- confines:「狹窄的空間」
補充說明: staircase / stairs
stairs 為最常用的說法,指「樓梯本身」,go up the stairs 為「上樓」,日常對話用這個字即可。staircase 指「整座樓梯結構」,包含台階與扶手,強調它是建築的一部分,a spiral staircase 為「旋轉樓梯」,建築說明與室內設計常用。
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
