學測考點
on top
「在最上面」(south on top)
on top of…
「在…的上面」:on top of 後面接位置(on top of the ocean)
學測原句
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Early Egyptian maps showed south on top, most likely because the Nile, vital to Egyptian livelihood, originated in the south.早期的埃及地圖以南方為上,很可能是因為對埃及人生計至關重要的尼羅河發源於南方。
- , vital to Egyptian livelihood,:插入的形容詞片語,修飾 the Nile
- originate in…:「起源於…」,origin 是「起源」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段When it rains, a thin layer of fresh water forms on top of the ocean, providing the snakes with a fleeting opportunity to lap up that precious resource.下雨時,海面上會形成一層薄薄的淡水,讓蛇有短暫的機會舔食這項珍貴資源。
- thin layer:「薄層」
- form:這裡是不及物動詞,「形成」
- lap up:「舔食」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Have you ever wondered why north comes at the top of a map?你有沒有想過,為什麼地圖上面是北方?
- have you ever wondered why…:「你有沒有想過為什麼…」,wonder 是「好奇」
- come at the top:「位於最上面」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 5 段Although Russia does not occupy first place when it comes to alcohol consumption per capita, it is still close to the top.雖然就人均酒類消費量來說,俄羅斯並非第一名,但仍名列前茅。
- when it comes to…:「談到…」,to 是介系詞,後面接名詞
- per capita:「平均每人」,固定說法
- occupy first place:「佔據第一名」
- close to the top:「接近頂端」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Gravity has been at the top of the science agenda since the start of Mars missions.自從火星任務開始以來,重力一直是科學議程的首要項目。
- at the top of the agenda:「列在議程最前面」,也就是「最優先」
- Mars missions:「火星任務」
- since the start of…:「自…開始以來」
- gravity:「重力」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Franklin ran an iron rod through a hole in the top of each hemisphere so that they could nest together from largest to smallest.富蘭克林用一根鐵棒穿過每個半球頂端的洞,讓它們能從最大到最小套疊在一起。
- iron rod:「鐵棒」
- run A through B:「讓 A 穿過 B」
- nest together:「疊套在一起」
- from largest to smallest:「從最大到最小」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Mortuary poles were also raised to honor the dead, but they differed from memorial poles, having a burial box placed at the top of the pole.墓柱也是為了紀念亡者而豎立,但和紀念柱不同,柱頂放著一個埋葬盒。
- mortuary pole:「墓柱」
- raise:「豎立」
- honor:這裡是動詞,「紀念、尊崇」
- differ from…:「與…不同」
- having a burial box placed…:分詞構句,「柱頂放著埋葬盒」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In 2011, they were voted as one of the world’s top five performance groups by audiences of Japan Broadcasting Corporation’s Amazing Voice program.2011 年,他們被日本放送協會《Amazing Voice》節目的觀眾票選為世界前五大表演團體之一。
- be voted as…:「被投票選為…」
- audience:「觀眾」,集合名詞
- Corporation:「公司、協會」
- one of the world's top five performance groups:「世界前五大表演團體之一」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇South was placed at the top of maps in the pre-Biblical era.在聖經時代以前,南方被放在地圖的上方。
- pre-Biblical:「聖經時代以前的」,pre-(之前)
- be placed at…:「被放在…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Old Islamic maps put south at the top for religious purposes.古老的伊斯蘭地圖出於宗教目的,把南方放在上方。
- put A at the top:「把 A 放在頂端」
- Islamic:「伊斯蘭的」
- purpose:「目的」,for religious purposes=「出於宗教目的」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 6 段So, perhaps the north-on-top practice is less a rule and more a blip.所以,「北方在上」或許不算規則,只是歷史上的一段小插曲。
- less A and more B:「與其說是 A,不如說是 B」
- blip:「短暫的小變動」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段In the oldest surviving maps, south is at the top, and north points down.在現存最古老的地圖裡,南方在上面,北方朝下。
- surviving:「留存下來的」
- point down:「朝下」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Well, north may seem a natural choice for the top spot today, but that wasn’t always the case.嗯,今天北方在上面看起來理所當然,但以前並不一定是這樣。
- that wasn't always the case:「以前不一定是這樣」,the case 是「實際情況」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段By the 16th century, when Europe’s search for trading routes was at its peak, maps became Eurocentric, with north on top.到了 16 世紀,歐洲尋找貿易路線的風潮達到頂峰,地圖變成以歐洲為中心,北方在上。
- by + 時間:「到…的時候」
- at its peak:「在最高峰」,peak 是「山頂」
- Eurocentric:「以歐洲為中心的」,Euro + center + -ic
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 6 段After centuries of technological advancements, it seems we’ve ended up right where we began in ancient times: with ourselves in the middle, and our destinations at the top.經過幾個世紀的科技進步,我們似乎又回到古代的起點:自己在中間,目的地在上方。
- end up…:「最後變成…」
- right where we began:right 用來加強 where
- with A in the middle:with 帶出狀態
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Ample evidences from the Old Testament also suggest that east was at the top of maps in pre-Biblical and Biblical eras, a reason why east is still referred to as the “Orient” today.《舊約聖經》中也有大量證據顯示,聖經時代及其之前,地圖是以東方為上,這也是為什麼東方至今仍被稱為 the Orient。
- ample:「很充足的」
- be referred to as…:「被稱為…」
- , a reason why…:同位語,說明前面整件事是原因;evidence 本來不可數,原文用了 evidences
- 背景:Orient 原指太陽升起的方向,後來用來指東方;orient 當動詞「定方位」也是同一個來源,原本就是「找出東方在哪」。
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Map makers in Arabia also drew maps with south on top since the earliest Muslims lived north of Mecca, and a south-oriented map would show the followers looking up toward their holy city.阿拉伯的製圖者也以南方為上,因為最早的穆斯林住在麥加以北,以南方為上的地圖會讓信徒看起來像是仰望著他們的聖城。
- map maker:「製圖者」;since 在這裡是「因為」
- follower:「信徒」,follow「追隨」+ -er
- with south on top:「以南方為上」
- 背景:麥加(Mecca)位於今沙烏地阿拉伯,是伊斯蘭教最神聖的城市,穆斯林祈禱時面向麥加。
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Such a syndrome is considered the top health risk for the astronauts, and scientists are still trying to figure out how it may be prevented.這種症候群被視為太空人最大的健康風險,科學家仍在設法找出如何預防。
- be considered…:「被視為…」
- top:這裡是形容詞,「最高的」
- figure out:「想出」,figure 有「數字」的意思,可聯想成把數字算出來,out 是「出來」,算出答案就是「想出」
- how it may be prevented:間接問句,語序是主詞 + 動詞
近義字
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
