學測考點
not…until…
「直到…才…」
- did not emerge until the 18th century
- did not enter the English language until the 1700s
- cannot wear black until they become warriors
would not…until…
「直到…才…」:until 引導時間子句,主要子句用否定(would not leave people's houses until they were sure)
it was not until…that…
「直到…才…」(it was not until 1800、it was not until Grover Cleveland's first presidency that)
up until recently
「直到最近」(up until recently)
學測原句
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段They usually would not leave people's houses until they were sure their customers were awake.他們通常要確定客戶真的醒了,才會離開住戶。
- would not… until…:「直到…才…」
- be sure (that)…:「確定…」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife Abigail, moved in.直到 1800 年白宮幾近完工時,第一批住戶,約翰·亞當斯總統和他的妻子 Abigail,才搬進去。
- it was not until…that…:「直到…才…」
- nearly completed:「幾近完工」
- move in:「搬進去」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段It was not until Grover Cleveland’s first presidency that some effective crowd control measures were implemented to address the problem caused by this practice.直到 Grover Cleveland 第一次擔任總統時,才實施了一些有效的人潮管制措施,來處理這個做法造成的問題。
- it was not until…that…:「直到…才…」
- crowd control:「人潮管制」
- implement:「實施」
- address the problem:「處理問題」,address 在這裡是動詞
- practice:這裡是「做法」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Up until recently, the only way for a Maasai boy to achieve warrior status was to single-handedly kill a lion with his spear.直到不久前,馬賽男孩要取得戰士身分,唯一的方法是單憑一把矛獨自殺死一頭獅子。
- up until recently:「直到最近」
- achieve warrior status:「取得戰士身分」
- single-handedly:「單獨一人地」,single + hand
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 5 段All the members of the expedition team survived, but the Endurance remained lost under the sea until its discovery in 2022.遠征隊全員生還,但堅忍號一直沉在海底,直到 2022 年才被發現。
- remain + 形容詞:「維持…的狀態」
- until its discovery:用名詞 discovery 取代 until it was discovered
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The first Russian-made vodka appeared in the 15th century, and the drink remained relatively low in alcohol content until the mid-18th century.第一批俄羅斯製伏特加在 15 世紀出現,直到 18 世紀中葉,這種酒的酒精含量都還算低。
- Russian-made:「俄羅斯製的」
- remain + 形容詞:「維持…的狀態」
- low in alcohol content:「酒精含量低」
- mid-18th century:「18 世紀中葉」
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Still others say the safest thing to do is cross-train all the time until the pain is gone.還有人說,最安全的做法是一直交叉訓練,直到疼痛消失。
- still others:「還有另一些人」
- the safest thing to do:「最安全的做法」
- all the time:「一直」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Until now, only smaller tea brands have been certified, but awareness is growing.到目前為止,只有較小的茶葉品牌通過認證,但大眾的意識正在提高。
- until now:「到目前為止」
- awareness:「意識」,aware 是「察覺到的」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Young men cannot wear black until they become warriors.年輕男子要成為戰士之後才能穿黑色。
- not … until…:「直到…才…」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇It was not discovered until the modern era.直到現代才被發現。
- not … until…:「直到…才…」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段But the captain of a ship is responsible for guiding the vessel until they hit a port, waiting to enter the harbor.但船長只負責引導船隻到達港口,在港外等待進港。
- be responsible for V-ing:「負責…」
- vessel:「船隻」,ship 的正式用字
- hit a port:「抵達港口」
- waiting to enter the harbor:「等待進入港口」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Until then, people did not usually eat or drink anything between lunch and dinner.在那之前,人們通常不會在午餐和晚餐之間吃或喝任何東西。
- until then:「到那時為止」
- between A and B:「在 A 和 B 之間」
- not…anything:「沒有任何東西」
- 104 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The airport was closed because of the snowstorm, and our departure for Paris had to be delayed until the following day.機場因暴風雪關閉,我們飛往巴黎的班機必須延到隔天。
- snowstorm:「暴風雪」
- delay:「延遲」
- the following day:「隔天」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Deemed a public hazard, the project was immediately dropped, and traffic lights were banned until their return in 1929 back to the British streets.該計畫被認為是公共危害,立刻中止,紅綠燈也遭禁用,直到 1929 年才回到英國街頭。
- deemed:「被認為」,deem 是正式用字,一般說 consider
- hazard:「危險」,danger 的正式說法
- drop:這裡是「放棄(計畫)」
- ban:「禁止」
- until their return in 1929 back to…:「直到 1929 年才回到…」
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段When people have sprained a muscle or tendon, they are usually advised not to go right back to exercising until the pain goes away.人們拉傷肌肉或肌腱時,通常會被建議不要馬上回去運動,要等疼痛消失。
- sprain:「扭傷」
- be advised not to V:「被建議不要…」
- go back to V-ing:「回去做…」,to 是介系詞
- go away:「消失」
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段While the practice continued in some parts of the country until the 1970s, it declined as alarm clocks became more widespread and affordable.雖然這種做法在國內某些地方一直延續到 1970 年代,但隨著鬧鐘越來越普及、越來越買得起,它就逐漸衰退了。
- while:這裡表讓步,「雖然」
- practice:這裡是「做法 / 習慣」
- decline:「衰退」
- widespread:「普及的」,wide + spread
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Although the term did not emerge until the 18th century, toy hoops twirled around the waist, limbs, or neck can be traced back to ancient times.雖然這個詞直到 18 世紀才出現,但繞著腰、四肢或脖子旋轉的玩具圈,其實可追溯到古代。
- twirled around…:過去分詞,「被繞著…轉動的」
- be traced back to…:「可追溯到…」
- ancient times:「古代」
- 背景:the term 指 hula hoop(呼啦圈)這個詞。
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The term “hula,” however, did not enter the English language until the 1700s, when British sailors first witnessed hula dancing in the Hawaiian Islands.不過「hula」這個詞,直到 1700 年代英國水手在夏威夷群島第一次目睹呼拉舞時,才進入英語。
- enter the English language:「進入英語」
- witness:「目睹」
- hula dancing:「呼拉舞」
- the Hawaiian Islands:「夏威夷群島」
- not…until:這裡是 did not enter…until,「直到…才」
- 背景:hula 是夏威夷的傳統舞蹈,中文叫呼拉舞。
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段The secret is: Never wait until the body is telling you you're thirsty, since there must already have been significant changes in your body for it to eventually alert your consciousness.祕訣是:絕不要等到身體告訴你口渴了才喝,因為身體一定已經出現明顯變化,才會最後警示你的意識。
- never wait until…:「絕不等到…」
- significant:「明顯的」
- there must already have been…:must have + 過去分詞,「一定已經有…」
- alert:這裡當動詞,「警示」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Furthermore, elephants are known to resist leaving their sick or dying behind, and a herd may linger at a trench with a trapped baby for hours, reluctant to move on until all hope is lost.此外,大象向來不願丟下生病或垂死的同伴,象群可能在溝邊守著被困的小象好幾個小時,不願離開,直到完全絕望。
- be known to V:「向來會…」
- resist V-ing:這裡是「抗拒、不願意」
- leave someone behind:「把某人丟下」
- the sick or dying:the + 形容詞,指「生病的和垂死的(那些)」
- herd:「象群」
- reluctant to V:「不情願…」
- move on:「繼續前進」
- all hope is lost:「希望全失」
- 111 學測|文意選填|第 2 段In the early days of the film industry, actors themselves shot acrobatic acts and dangerous scenes, until they began to get injured.在電影業早期,演員自己拍攝特技動作和危險場面,直到他們開始受傷為止。
- acrobatic acts:「特技動作」,acrobat 是「雜技演員」
- shoot:這裡是「拍攝」
- until they began to get injured:「直到他們開始受傷」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段A storm cloud "chased" him until he was struck.一朵風暴雲「追著」他跑,直到他被擊中。
- storm cloud:「風暴雲」
- chase:「追趕」
- until he was struck:「直到他被擊中」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Nevertheless, passports were not generally required for international travel until the First World War.儘管如此,直到第一次世界大戰,國際旅行通常都不要求護照。
- generally:「通常」
- not…until…:「直到…才…」
- the First World War:「第一次世界大戰」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The cactus’s thick outer layer (i.e., husk), with all those spines, had always been viewed as a waste product until researchers developed a biogas generator to turn the husks into electricity.仙人掌厚厚的外層(也就是外殼)布滿了刺,一直被視為廢棄物,直到研究人員開發出沼氣發電機,把外殼變成電力。
- outer layer:「外層」
- i.e.:「也就是」
- waste product:「廢棄物」
- biogas:「沼氣」,bio-(生物)+ gas
- turn A into B:「把 A 變成 B」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段From the late 1850s until his death in 1910, Winslow Homer produced a body of work distinguished by its thoughtful expression and its independence from artistic conventions.從 1850 年代晚期到 1910 年去世,Winslow Homer 創作了一系列作品,特色是深思熟慮的表達,以及不受藝術慣例拘束的獨立性。
- a body of work:「一批作品」
- be distinguished by…:「以…為特色」
- thoughtful:「有深度的」
- independence from…:「脫離…的獨立」
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
