affect / effect / infect 易混淆字
affect 是動詞「影響」,effect 通常是名詞「效果、影響」,infect 是動詞「感染」,只用在病菌。
112 學測|綜合測驗
Today, they are more interested in how reduced gravity affects the astronauts' physical condition.
如今,他們更感興趣的是,降低的重力如何影響太空人的身體狀況。(對象是 the astronauts' physical condition)
- be interested in…:「對…有興趣」
- reduced:「降低的」,reduce 是「減少」
- physical condition:「身體狀況」
105 學測|閱讀測驗
The belief even affects politics.
這種信念甚至影響政治。(對象是 politics)
- politics:「政治」,後面常接單數動詞
112 學測|篇章結構
Once thought to be extremely rare, synesthesia is now found to affect about one to four percent of the population.
共感覺曾被認為極為罕見,現在發現約影響百分之一到四的人口。(對象是 the population)
- once thought to be…:過去分詞構句,「曾被認為是…」
- extremely rare:「極為罕見的」
- population:這裡是「人口、一般大眾」
114 學測|閱讀測驗
However, researchers also find that horror movies can have negative effects on some people.
然而,研究人員也發現,恐怖片可能對某些人造成負面影響。(前面有 negative,後面接 on)
108 學測|閱讀測驗
After testing these brands on five different groups of live bedbugs for two hours, the scientists saw that the foggers had little—if any—effect on the insects.
這些品牌在五組活臭蟲身上測試兩小時後,科學家發現殺蟲煙霧劑對昆蟲幾乎沒有效果,即使有,也很小。(前面有 little,後面接 on)
- after testing…:「在測試…之後」,after 後面接 V-ing
- live:這裡讀 /laɪv/,「活的」
- little—if any—effect:「即使有,效果也很小」,if any 是插入語
111 學測|詞彙題
The new vaccine was banned by the Food and Drug Administration due to its potentially fatal side effects.
這種新疫苗因為可能致命的副作用,被食品藥物管理局禁用。(side effects「副作用」)
- 考點:potentially「潛在地」,potentially fatal=「可能致命的」,副詞修飾形容詞 fatal;potential 是「潛在的」。delicately「精緻地」、ambiguously「含糊地」、optionally「可選擇地」都不能修飾 fatal
- ban:「禁止」
- due to…:「由於…」
- 背景:Food and Drug Administration(食品藥物管理局,簡稱 FDA)是美國管理食品與藥品的政府機構。
107 學測|閱讀測驗
West Nile is a tropical disease that begins in birds, which pass it on to mosquitoes that then go on to infect human beings with a bite.
West Nile 病是一種熱帶疾病,起源於鳥類,鳥再傳給蚊子,蚊子叮咬後再感染人類。(把病毒傳給人類)
- pass it on to…:「把它傳給…」
- bite:這裡是名詞「叮咬」
- which pass it on to mosquitoes that then go on to infect…:which 指 birds,that 指 mosquitoes
- go on to V:「接著做…」
106 學測|綜合測驗
An eye stye is a small bump, resembling a pimple, that develops when an oil gland at the edge of an eyelid becomes infected by bacteria.
針眼是一個像青春痘的小腫塊,在眼皮邊緣的油脂腺被細菌感染時長出來。(被細菌感染)
- resembling a pimple:分詞片語,resemble=「像」
- develop:這裡是「長出」
- oil gland:「油脂腺」
- bacteria:「細菌」,複數,單數是 bacterium
104 學測|詞彙題
To prevent the spread of the Ebola virus from West Africa to the rest of the world, many airports have begun Ebola screenings for passengers from the infected areas.
為了防止伊波拉病毒從西非擴散到世界其他地方,許多機場已開始對來自疫區的旅客進行伊波拉篩檢。(受感染的地區)
- 考點:screening「篩檢」,Ebola screenings=「伊波拉篩檢」,screen 在這裡是「檢查」。listing「列表」、clipping「剪報」、blocking「阻擋」都不是機場對旅客做的檢查
- prevent the spread of…:「防止…擴散」
怎麼判斷
- affect 是動詞「影響」,後面直接接受詞。例:The rain affected our plan.(雨影響了我們的計畫)
- effect 通常是名詞「效果、影響」,前面常有 a / an / the,或 little、negative、side 這類字。例:The rain had an effect on our plan.(雨對我們的計畫有影響)。have an effect on 和 affect 意思相同。
- infect 是「感染」,指病菌、病毒傳給人或生物,常見 be infected with / by。例:He was infected with the flu.(他得了流感)
- effect 偶爾也當動詞,意思是「使…發生」,如 effect a change(帶來改變),學測很少考。
自我檢測
105 學測|閱讀測驗
1. The belief even ____ politics.
108 學測|閱讀測驗
2. After testing these brands on five different groups of live bedbugs for two hours, the scientists saw that the foggers had little—if any—____ on the insects.
107 學測|閱讀測驗
3. West Nile is a tropical disease that begins in birds, which pass it on to mosquitoes that then go on to ____ human beings with a bite.
