學測考點
already
「已經」:already 放在助動詞之後、一般動詞之前
- had already visited the islands
- has already touched this house
- is already being used by many leading fashion companies
must already have been
「一定早就已經…」(must already have been significant changes)
having already V-pp
完成式分詞構句,「已經…」(having already shrunk by 85%)
學測原句
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段The secret is: Never wait until the body is telling you you're thirsty, since there must already have been significant changes in your body for it to eventually alert your consciousness.祕訣是:絕不要等到身體告訴你口渴了才喝,因為身體一定已經出現明顯變化,才會最後警示你的意識。
- never wait until…:「絕不等到…」
- significant:「明顯的」
- there must already have been…:must have + 過去分詞,「一定已經有…」
- alert:這裡當動詞,「警示」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Having already shrunk by 85% to a mere 0.5 square kilometers, Papua's glaciers will completely disappear within a decade, researchers have predicted.研究人員預測,Papua 的冰河已經縮小了 85%,只剩 0.5 平方公里,十年內將完全消失。
- having already shrunk…:完成式分詞構句,「已經縮小」
- shrink:「縮小」
- a mere:「僅僅」
- within a decade:「十年內」
- predict:「預測」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In the Old Testament, reference is made to spiral staircases in the Temple of Solomon, suggesting that they were already in use by around 1,000 BC.《舊約聖經》提到所羅門聖殿裡有螺旋梯,顯示大約西元前 1000 年就已經在使用了。
- reference is made to…:「提到…」,等於 … is mentioned
- , suggesting that…:「這顯示…」
- in use:「使用中」
- BC:「西元前」
- 背景:《舊約聖經》(the Old Testament)是基督教聖經的前半部;所羅門聖殿是古代以色列國王所羅門在耶路撒冷建的聖殿。
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›As the years have passed by, many of my childhood memories are already blurring; I can no longer recall clearly what happened back then.隨著歲月流逝,我童年的許多記憶已經變得模糊,我再也無法清楚回想當時發生的事。
- as the years have passed by:「隨著歲月流逝」
- recall:「回想」,re-(回)+ call(叫),把記憶叫回來
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Traders from Asia had already visited the islands 900 years before the arrival of its first permanent settlers from the African mainland (around 1000 AD).亞洲商人早在第一批來自非洲大陸的永久定居者(約西元 1000 年)到來的 900 年前,就已拜訪過這些島嶼。
- had already visited:過去完成式,表示更早以前就發生
- 900 years before…:「在…的 900 年前」
- permanent settlers:「永久定居者」
- around 1000 AD:「約西元 1000 年」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Scientists already knew earlier that wind and splashes of rainwater can move bacteria and other germs from leaf to leaf.科學家早就知道,風和飛濺的雨水能把細菌和其他病菌從一片葉子帶到另一片葉子。
- splash:這裡是名詞,「飛濺」
- from leaf to leaf:「一片傳一片」,名詞不加冠詞
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Due to its low cost, this innovative material is already being used by many leading fashion companies to make their products.由於成本低,這種創新材料已被許多領先的時尚公司用來製作產品。
- due to…:「由於…」
- leading:「領先的」
- is already being used:現在進行式被動
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段In addition, the songs are seemingly trying to work some magic—as if, by singing, the mother is saying, “Sadness has already touched this house; no need to come by again.”此外,這些歌似乎是想施一點魔法,彷彿母親藉由唱歌在說:「悲傷已經碰過這個家,不需要再來了。」
- in addition:「此外」
- seemingly:「似乎」
- work some magic:「施展魔法」
- as if:「彷彿」
- by singing:「藉由唱歌」
- touch:這裡是「碰觸、侵擾」
- no need to V:「不需要…」,前面省略 there is
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段With more than 13 million children already driven from classrooms by conflict, it is no exaggeration to say that the educational prospects of a generation of children are in the balance.已有超過 1,300 萬名兒童因衝突被趕出教室,說一個世代孩子的教育前景岌岌可危,並不誇張。
- with…already driven…:with + 受詞 + p.p.
- no exaggeration to say…:「說…並不誇張」
- in the balance:「懸而未決、岌岌可危」,balance 是「天平」,放在天平上還沒往哪邊倒,所以是「懸而未決」,in balance(沒有 the)則是「平衡、均衡」
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