學測考點
branch
「樹枝;分支」(spreading its branches across the world)
學測原句
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段He and Mestre Pastinha were the first to open schools, and the Capoeira tree grew, spreading its branches across the world.他和 Mestre Pastinha 是最早開設學校的人,Capoeira 之樹於是成長,枝枒伸展到全世界。
- the first to V:「最早…的人」
- the Capoeira tree:比喻,把 Capoeira 比作一棵樹
- spreading its branches:分詞構句,表示結果
- across the world:「遍及全世界」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 3 段Turtle ants often live in the cavities of dead branches in American forests.龜蟻常棲息在美洲森林枯枝的空洞裡。
- cavity:「空洞」
- dead branch:「枯枝」
- American forests:這裡指美洲的森林
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇They are trapped by the sharp branches of the tea trees.牠們被茶樹尖銳的樹枝困住。
- be trapped by…:「被…困住」
- sharp:「尖銳的」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 3 段They travel entirely along tree branches and vines, laying down trails of pheromone (a chemical substance) behind them so that other ants can follow.牠們完全沿著樹枝與藤蔓移動,並在身後留下費洛蒙(一種化學物質)的路徑,讓其他螞蟻能跟著走。
- lay down:「留下 / 鋪設」
- trail:「路徑」
- pheromone:「費洛蒙」,動物分泌來傳遞訊息的化學物質
- so that… can:「以便…能」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In certain forests, when you look up you will see a network of cracks formed by gaps between the outermost edges of tree branches.在某些森林裡,抬頭看會看到一張由樹枝最外緣之間的縫隙所形成的裂紋網。
- look up:「抬頭看」
- a network of cracks:「一張裂縫網」
- formed by…:過去分詞,「由…形成的」
- gap:「縫隙」
- outermost:「最外側的」,outer + most
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段It looks like a precisely engineered jigsaw puzzle, each branch growing just perfectly so it almost, but not quite, touches the neighboring tree.看起來像一幅精密設計的拼圖,每根樹枝都長得剛剛好,幾乎碰到鄰近的樹,卻又沒有碰到。
- precisely engineered:「精密設計的」,engineer 當動詞是「設計 / 製造」
- jigsaw puzzle:「拼圖」
- each branch growing…:獨立分詞構句,「每根樹枝都…」
- almost, but not quite, touches:「幾乎碰到,但沒有碰到」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段In order to protect their branches from breakage, trees maintain "shyness gaps"—spaces large enough to prevent them from touching their neighbors.為了保護樹枝不折斷,樹木會維持「羞避縫隙」,也就是大到足以避免碰到鄰樹的空間。
- in order to V:「為了…」
- breakage:「折斷」,break + age
- "shyness gaps" 後面的破折號是同位語,解釋前面的詞
- prevent A from V-ing:「避免 A 做…」,A 指 them
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Additionally, by having branches that do not touch those of their neighbors, trees may be able to limit the spread of leaf-eating insects, and potentially also the transmission of diseases from tree to tree.此外,藉由讓樹枝不碰到鄰樹的樹枝,樹木也許能限制食葉昆蟲的擴散,還可能限制疾病在樹與樹之間傳播。
- by having…:「藉由擁有…」
- those of their neighbors:those 指 the branches
- leaf-eating insects:「食葉昆蟲」
- transmission:「傳播」,transmit 是「傳送」
- from tree to tree:「一棵傳一棵」,名詞不加冠詞
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