學測考點
could(能力、可能)
「能夠」:could 表示過去的能力
- he could pick up the phone
- he could barely get up
- could not withstand repeated
- the sick plants could "sneeze"
- could be stretched and twisted
- nobody could understand the language
- the audience could not visualize
could have + p.p.
「本來可以…」(they could have used alarm clocks、ever could have imagined)
could(推測、假設)
「可能會」:could 表示推測或假設
- could be the key to Mexico's energy
- your dog could fall into one of nine categories
- if he could recreate the same thing
- so that a rocket could shoot free of Earth
- as quickly as they could
學測原句
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段They could have used alarm clocks because adjustable alarms had been invented by the mid-19th century.他們本來可以使用鬧鐘,因為可調整時間的鬧鐘在 19 世紀中葉前就已經發明了。
- could have + 過去分詞:「本來可以…(但沒有)」
- adjustable:「可調整的」,adjust + able
- had been invented:過去完成式,「在那之前就已經發明」
- by the mid-19th century:「到 19 世紀中葉為止」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 4 段“The blessing that Morgan has brought is beyond anything that I ever could have imagined and could explain.”「Morgan 帶來的福氣,遠超乎我所能想像與言語所能表達的。」
- blessing:「福氣、祝福」
- beyond anything that…:「超出…的任何事物」
- could have imagined:could have + 過去分詞,這裡是「曾經能想像到」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The defenders, living in the castles, were familiar with the stair pattern and could retreat up them very swiftly; while the attackers were much more likely to stumble and fall, particularly in the dimly lit confines of the staircase.住在城堡裡的守軍熟悉階梯的規律,可以很快往上撤退;攻擊者則更容易絆倒跌落,尤其是在樓梯間光線昏暗的狹窄空間裡。
- defender:「守軍」,defend + -er
- swiftly:「迅速地」,比 quickly 書面
- dimly lit:「光線昏暗的」,lit 是 light 的過去分詞
- confines:「狹窄的空間」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段He saw no reason why this could not be adapted for use on the busy London intersections.他認為沒有理由不能把這套系統改造後用在倫敦繁忙的路口。
- see no reason why…:「看不出為什麼不能…」,意思是認為可以
- adapt A for B:「把 A 改造成適合 B」
- this:指前面的 signaling system
- for use on…:「用在…上」
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 1 段The surgeon could not sit, and when he lay down he could barely get up.這位外科醫師沒辦法坐著,躺下去後又幾乎起不來。
- lay 在這裡是 lie(躺)的過去式:lie-lay-lain;lay down 在這裡是「躺下」的過去式
- barely:「幾乎不」,帶有否定意味
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段In the earlier days of space travel, scientists tried to overcome the force of gravity so that a rocket could shoot free of Earth's pull in order to land humans on the moon.在太空旅行的早期,科學家試圖克服重力,讓火箭能脫離地球的拉力,好把人類送上月球。
- the force of gravity:「重力」
- shoot free of…:「衝出…而脫離」,shoot 本義是「射」
- pull:這裡是名詞,「拉力」
- so that…:「以便…」
- in order to land humans on the moon:land 當動詞是「使登陸」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 5 段If it can be expanded, the prickly pear could be the key to Mexico’s energy future.如果能擴大規模,這種仙人掌可能成為墨西哥未來能源的關鍵。
- expand:「擴大」
- the key to…:「…的關鍵」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段In 1945, devastated from the war, the country set about establishing a cheap industry that could rebuild its economy.1945 年,飽受戰火摧殘的日本,著手建立能重振經濟的低成本產業。
- set about V-ing:「著手做…」
- establish:「建立」
- rebuild:「重建」,re-(再)+ build
- 108 學測|文意選填|第 2 段As for our neighbors, they liked to invite my father to dinner so that they could tell him stories about their children, parents, friends, and pets.至於我們的鄰居,他們喜歡邀請我父親吃晚餐,這樣就能告訴他關於他們孩子、父母、朋友和寵物的故事。
- as for…:「至於…」
- invite someone to dinner:「邀請某人吃晚餐」
- so that…:「以便…」
- pets:「寵物」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段All the obstacles of reality can be set aside and you are able to accomplish tasks that you could never manage in waking reality.現實中的所有障礙都可以擱置一旁,你能完成在清醒現實中永遠無法做到的任務。
- set aside:「擱置」
- could never manage:這裡 manage 是「設法做到」
- waking reality:「清醒時的現實」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Your dog could fall into one of nine categories: Ace, Stargazer, Maverick, Charmer, Socialite, Protodog, Einstein, Expert, or Renaissance Dog.你的狗可能屬於九個類別之一:王牌、觀星者、特立獨行者、迷人者、社交名流、原型犬、愛因斯坦、專家,或文藝復興犬。
- fall into…:「落入(類別)」
- 九個名稱是 Dognition 取的類型名,這句不用逐個背
- Maverick:「特立獨行者」,Socialite:「社交名流」,Renaissance:「文藝復興」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段The kidnappers finally handed over the boy and $250 to the banker and fled town as quickly as they could.綁匪終於把男孩和兩百五十美元交給銀行家,並盡快逃離小鎮。
- hand over:「交出」
- flee:「逃離」,fled 是過去式
- as quickly as they could:「盡可能快」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Nobody could understand the language and the meaning of the songs.沒有人聽得懂歌曲的語言和意思。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段For those with unpleasant experiences, trauma may be triggered by the themes and images in the movies, which could make their symptoms worse.對有過不愉快經驗的人來說,電影中的主題與畫面可能觸發創傷,讓症狀更嚴重。
- those with…:「有…的人」
- trauma:「創傷」,身心受到的傷害
- trigger:「觸發」,名詞是槍的「扳機」,扣扳機就引發
- which:指前面整件事
- 114 學測|混合題|第 10 段Fostering empathy…By seeing an animal up close, the public could be encouraged to be more sensitive and compassionate to a species that is facing extinction in the wild.培養同理心……近距離看到動物,大眾可能會更敏感,也更有同情心,去對待在野外面臨絕種的物種。
- foster:「培養 / 促進」,本義是「寄養」,像養育孩子一樣慢慢培養
- up close:「近距離」
- compassionate:「有同情心的」,名詞是 compassion
- face:這裡是「面臨」
- the public:「大眾」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段He first tried cotton, but it proved too soft and could not withstand repeated openings and closures.他先試了棉布,但事實證明它太軟,經不起反覆開合。
- prove + 形容詞:「證明是…」,prove too soft 是「結果發現太軟」
- withstand:「經得起」,stand 是「站」,站著頂住壓力
- repeated:「反覆的」
- closure:「閉合」,close 的名詞
- 113 學測|文意選填|第 2 段When he stepped into the booth, he could pick up the phone to call his cousin, telling him how he was, and how he missed him.他走進電話亭,就能拿起話筒打給堂表親,告訴他自己過得如何、有多想念他。
- step into…:「走進…」
- pick up the phone:「拿起電話」
- telling him how he was:分詞構句,同時進行,how he was 是「自己的近況」
- miss:「想念」
- 113 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›David felt disappointed when he found out that he could not choose his study partners, but would be randomly placed in a study group.David 發現自己不能選學習夥伴,而是會被隨機分到一個學習小組時,感到很失望。
- find out that…:「發現…」
- study partner:「學習夥伴」
- be placed in…:「被分到…」
- 113 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Feeling that he needed a private space to help him navigate through the sorrow, Sasaki positioned a booth where he could "speak" to the dead relative.Sasaki 覺得自己需要一個私密的空間,幫助他走過悲傷,於是設置了一座電話亭,讓他能和過世的親人「說話」。
- feeling that…:分詞構句,表示原因
- navigate through…:「摸索著度過」,navigate 本義是「航行」,在悲傷裡找路走出來
- position:這裡當動詞,「安置」
- where he could…:where 指 booth
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段He determined that if he could recreate the same thing, making hooks-and-loops that bind to each other firmly, he could produce a strong fastener with many uses.他斷定,如果能重現同樣的東西,做出彼此緊緊相扣的鉤與環,就能做出用途很多的強力扣件。
- determine:這裡是「斷定」
- recreate:「重新製造」,re-(再)+ create
- bind to…:「與…緊密結合」
- fastener:「扣件」,fasten 是「扣緊」
- with many uses:「有很多用途的」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Concert reviews from the period mourned the fact that the armonica sounded wonderful—only when it could be heard.當時的音樂會評論都哀嘆,玻璃琴只有在聽得到的時候才聽起來美妙。
- from the period:「來自那個時期」
- mourn:「哀嘆」
- mourn the fact that…:「哀嘆…這個事實」
- only when it could be heard:「只有在聽得到的時候」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Franklin ran an iron rod through a hole in the top of each hemisphere so that they could nest together from largest to smallest.富蘭克林用一根鐵棒穿過每個半球頂端的洞,讓它們能從最大到最小套疊在一起。
- iron rod:「鐵棒」
- run A through B:「讓 A 穿過 B」
- nest together:「疊套在一起」
- from largest to smallest:「從最大到最小」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Sullivan, while surveying a campground, felt that a cloud was coming after him, and tried all he could to run—but it got him anyway.Sullivan 在勘查露營地時,覺得有一朵雲正追著他來,他盡全力奔跑,但還是被擊中。
- survey:這裡是動詞,「勘查」
- come after:「追趕」
- try all he could to V:「盡全力…」
- got him anyway:「還是擊中了他」,get 在這裡是「擊中」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段They found that the sick plants could "sneeze" and shoot out tiny water drops filled with leaf rust germs, spreading the disease to neighboring plants.他們發現,生病的植物會「打噴嚏」,射出裝滿葉鏽病菌的細小水滴,把疾病傳給鄰近的植物。
- shoot out:「射出」
- filled with…:「裝滿…的」
- spreading…:分詞構句,表結果
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Researchers from a university in Japan have developed "diet-glasses" that play tricks with one's perception of food, which could be helpful to people on a diet.日本一所大學的研究人員開發了「節食眼鏡」,能對人們看待食物的方式耍把戲,可能對節食的人有幫助。
- play tricks with…:「對…耍把戲」
- perception:「感知」,perceive 是「察覺」
- on a diet:「正在節食」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The city declared a state of emergency and began aerial spraying of a pesticide to kill the mosquitoes, even though residents argued that the pesticide could be more dangerous than the disease.該市宣布進入緊急狀態,並開始以飛機噴灑殺蟲劑來殺蚊子,儘管居民主張這種殺蟲劑可能比疾病更危險。
- declare a state of emergency:「宣布進入緊急狀態」
- aerial spraying:「空中噴灑」
- even though:「儘管」
- argue that…:這裡是「主張…」,不是「爭吵」
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段When the weather is bad, individuals tend to focus more on their work rather than thinking about activities they could engage in outside of work.天氣不好時,人們比較會專心工作,而不是想著工作以外可以從事的活動。
- tend to V:「傾向…」
- focus on…:「專注於…」
- rather than:「而不是」
- engage in…:「從事…」
- activities they could engage in:省略關係代名詞
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段After learning of an invention contest held by her school that year, Jeanie resolved to enter the contest by creating a stool that would be a permanent fixture in the bathroom, and yet could be kept out of the way when not in use.得知學校那年舉辦發明比賽後,Jeanie 決心參賽,發明一張永久固定在浴室、但不用時又能收起來不擋路的凳子。
- learn of…:「得知…」
- invention contest:「發明比賽」
- resolve to V:「決心…」
- permanent fixture:「固定裝置」
- out of the way:「不擋路」
- in use:「使用中」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇The audience could not visualize the theme sung by the school children.觀眾無法想像出學童所唱的主題。
- visualize:「想像出畫面」
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段With this feature, it could be stretched and twisted into various clip-like objects.憑這個特性,它可以被拉伸、扭轉成各種像夾子的東西。
- stretch:「拉伸」
- twist:「扭轉」
- clip-like:「像夾子的」
- it could be stretched:it 指 steel wire
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段“It used to be that the only ones who could sing these songs were tribal elders aged between 50 and 60.「過去,只有年齡在 50 至 60 歲之間的部落長老會唱這些歌。
- it used to be that…:「過去的情形是…」
- elder:「長老」
- aged between 50 and 60:「年齡在 50 到 60 歲之間」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Referring to the relocation of Taiwu Elementary School and Taiwu Village following Typhoon Morakot in August 2009, Camake said, “We could not take the forest or our houses in the mountains with us; but we were able to bring our culture along.談到 2009 年八月莫拉克颱風後泰武國小與泰武村的遷移,Camake 說:「我們沒辦法把森林或山上的房子一起帶走,但我們能把文化帶在身邊。
- referring to…:分詞構句,「提到…」
- relocation:「遷移」
- following:這裡是介系詞,「在…之後」
- take A with us:「把 A 帶走」
- bring…along:「一起帶著」
補充說明: must / should / could / might / would
這幾個助動詞的差別在語氣強弱。表示義務時,must 語氣最強,指「規定或必須遵守」,Passengers must fasten their seat belts 為「乘客必須繫上安全帶」,沒有商量餘地。should 表示「建議」,做到較為妥當,未做到通常不算違規。could 在建議時是「提供選項」,而非要求,You could take the earlier bus 為「你也可以搭早一班車」。might 的語氣通常比 may 更保留。would 與前四個字不同,本身不帶強制或建議的意味。同一句話換用不同的助動詞,語氣就跟著改變:You must leave now 是「命令」,You should leave now 是「建議」,You could leave now 是「提供選項」。
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
