學測考點
light
名詞「光;燈」
- minimal light
- a small light
- brightening the lights
- flashing red lights
- protection from light, heat
- a beam of light
- artificial light
light
形容詞「輕的」(light cotton kimonos、light activity)
light up
「亮起來、照亮」(light up when these)
shed new light on…
「為…提供新見解」(shed new light on why dogs do)
學測原句
- 111 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Participants, often dressed in light cotton kimonos, are encouraged to dance to the music around the stage.參加者常穿著輕便的棉質和服,被鼓勵圍著舞台隨音樂起舞。
- participant:「參加者」
- often dressed in…:過去分詞,「常穿著…」
- light cotton kimono:「輕便的棉質和服」
- be encouraged to V:「被鼓勵去…」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇Interrupting sitting time with light activity as often as possible.盡可能常用輕度活動打斷久坐的時間。
- interrupt:「打斷」
- as often as possible:「盡可能常」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段The most compelling support, however, comes from brain scans, which show that color processing areas in the brain light up when these people listen to certain words.不過,最有說服力的證據來自腦部掃描,掃描顯示這些人聽到特定字詞時,大腦處理顏色的區域會亮起來。
- compelling:「有說服力的」
- support:這裡是名詞,「證據 / 支持」
- brain scan:「腦部掃描」
- light up:「亮起來」
- color processing areas:「處理顏色的區域」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段It also can shed new light on why dogs do the things they do.它也能為狗為什麼做那些事,提供新的見解。
- shed new light on…:「為…提供新的見解」,shed light 是「照亮」
- why dogs do the things they do:間接疑問句,「狗為什麼做牠們做的事」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 5 段So, find yourself a quiet place with minimal light or with blackout curtains.所以,幫自己找個光線極少或有遮光窗簾的安靜地方。
- minimal:「極少的」,minimum 是「最小值」
- blackout curtains:「遮光窗簾」,blackout 有「完全擋住」的意思,也有「封鎖」的意思
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇The inventors of traffic lights in history.歷史上紅綠燈的發明者。
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Other scientists suggest that plants, like animals, compete for resources—nutrients, water, space, and light.其他科學家則認為,植物和動物一樣,會競爭資源,也就是養分、水、空間與光線。
- suggest that…:「提出…看法」
- compete for…:「爭奪…」,competition 是名詞
- resources—nutrients, water, space, and light:破折號後面的列舉說明爭奪哪些資源
- nutrient:「養分」,nutrition 是「營養」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Olive oil tasters have long adopted descriptive terms such as “pure” and “light” to evaluate the quality of olive oil.橄欖油品評員長期以來使用「純」和「淡」等描述性詞彙,來評估橄欖油的品質。
- taster:「品評員」
- adopt:「採用」
- descriptive terms:「描述性的詞彙」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Knight was injured in the explosion of his traffic light.Knight 在他的紅綠燈爆炸中受傷。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Potts’ traffic light was the first one to appear in the USA.Potts 的紅綠燈是美國第一個出現的。
- the first one to V:「第一個…的」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇Future vehicles may not need traffic lights to cross an intersection.未來的車輛可能不需要紅綠燈就能通過十字路口。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Most people credit the first traffic light to Nottingham engineer John Peake Knight.多數人認為第一盞紅綠燈要歸功於諾丁漢的工程師 John Peake Knight。
- credit A to B:「把 A 歸功於 B」,credit 當名詞是「功勞」
- Nottingham engineer:Nottingham 在這裡當形容詞,「諾丁漢的」
- 背景:諾丁漢(Nottingham)是英格蘭中部城市;John Peake Knight 是十九世紀的英國鐵路信號工程師。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段A major breakthrough was the yellow light invented by a Detroit police officer William Potts.一項重大突破,是底特律警察 William Potts 發明的黃燈。
- breakthrough:「突破」,break + through,衝破障礙
- invented by…:過去分詞,修飾 the yellow light
- Detroit police officer William Potts:Detroit 當形容詞,「底特律的」
- 背景:底特律(Detroit)是美國密西根州的汽車工業大城。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 1 篇Here is a sentence: “This design was adopted in later traffic light designs across the world.”這裡有一句話:「這個設計後來被全世界的紅綠燈設計採用。」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段A gas leak one month later caused an explosion in the lights, injuring the policeman operating it.一個月後,煤氣外洩使號誌燈爆炸,炸傷了操作它的警察。
- leak:「外洩」
- cause an explosion:「引起爆炸」
- injuring…:分詞構句,表示結果
- the policeman operating it:operating it 修飾 policeman,等於 who was operating it
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段While waiting to cross the street at busy intersections, have you ever wondered who invented the traffic light?在繁忙的路口等著過馬路時,你是否曾好奇過紅綠燈是誰發明的?
- while waiting…:while + V-ing,「在…的時候」
- intersection:「十字路口」,intersect 是「交叉」,道路交叉的地方
- wonder who…:「好奇是誰…」,wonder 後面接疑問詞子句
- invent:「發明」
- traffic light:「紅綠燈」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Systems using movable arms were popular in Chicago, while those using the red and green lights were adopted in San Francisco.芝加哥流行使用活動臂的系統,而舊金山採用的則是紅綠燈號誌。
- while:這裡表對比,「而」
- those:指 systems;using… 分詞修飾 systems
- adopt:「採用」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段Each capsule is equipped with a comfortable mattress, a small light, and sometimes a television or other entertainment options.每個膠囊都配有舒適的床墊、一盞小燈,有時還有電視或其他娛樂設備。
- be equipped with…:「配備有…」,equip 是「配備」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段In the early 1900s, versions of the British traffic lights appeared in big cities in America, where traffic was on a sharp rise.1900 年代初期,英國紅綠燈的各種版本出現在美國大城市,當地車流量正急遽增加。
- where…:指 big cities in America
- on a sharp rise:「急遽上升中」,sharp 本義是「尖的」,上升的線很陡
- traffic:這裡是「車流量」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Deemed a public hazard, the project was immediately dropped, and traffic lights were banned until their return in 1929 back to the British streets.該計畫被認為是公共危害,立刻中止,紅綠燈也遭禁用,直到 1929 年才回到英國街頭。
- deemed:「被認為」,deem 是正式用字,一般說 consider
- hazard:「危險」,danger 的正式說法
- drop:這裡是「放棄(計畫)」
- ban:「禁止」
- until their return in 1929 back to…:「直到 1929 年才回到…」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Guests may enjoy facilities such as free Wi-Fi, mobile charging, and even a soundless alarm system that raises the sleeping guests into a seated position while gradually brightening the lights.客人可以享用免費 Wi-Fi、行動裝置充電,甚至還有無聲鬧鐘系統,會在燈光漸漸變亮的同時,把熟睡的客人升到坐姿。
- facilities:「設施」,這裡用複數
- soundless:「無聲的」,sound + less(沒有)
- raise A into B:「把 A 抬到 B」,raise 是及物動詞,後面要接受詞
- seated position:「坐姿」
- brighten:「變亮」,bright + en(使…)
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Gaps in the treetops resulting from crown shyness may allow trees to increase their exposure to light and enhance photosynthesis.樹冠羞避造成的樹頂縫隙,可能讓樹木增加受光的機會,並提升光合作用。
- resulting from…:「由…造成的」;result from 是「起因於」,result in 是「導致」
- exposure to…:「接觸到…」
- enhance:「提升」
- photosynthesis:「光合作用」,photo-(光)+ synthesis(合成)
- 111 學測|文意選填|第 2 段They had to learn from their own mistakes, which cost some their lives, and almost all suffered light or severe injuries.他們得從自己的錯誤中學習,這讓一些人丟了性命,幾乎所有人都受過輕傷或重傷。
- cost someone their lives:「讓某人喪命」,which 指前面整件事
- light or severe injuries:「輕傷或重傷」
- almost all (of them) suffered…:「幾乎所有人都遭受…」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.過去曾試過閃爍的紅燈,甚至獅子臉,希望讓鹿遠離軌道,但都沒成功。
- trial:這裡是動詞,「試用」
- unsuccessfully:「不成功地」
- in an attempt to V:「企圖…」
- keep someone off…:「使某人遠離…」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Plastic containers usually do not provide adequate protection from light, heat, or moisture; additionally, small particles in plastics can leak into the oil, which further reduces its quality.塑膠容器通常無法充分保護油不受光、熱或濕氣影響;此外,塑膠中的微小顆粒可能滲入油裡,進一步降低品質。
- particle:「顆粒」
- leak into…:「滲入…」;which 指前面整件事
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The clouds parted and a beam of light fell on the church, through the windows, and onto the floor.雲層散開,一道光束穿過窗戶落在教堂裡,照到地板上。
- part:這裡是動詞,「分開」
- fall on…:「落在…上」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 6 段He made clear his dislike of images that had been improved by artificial light, darkroom effects, and even cropping.他明確表示不喜歡經過人工光線、暗房效果、甚至裁切修飾的影像。
- make clear his dislike of…:「明確表示不喜歡…」
- artificial light:「人工光線」
- crop:「裁切」
- images that had been improved:過去完成式被動,表示早已被修飾
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段And those small amounts of activity add up—30 minutes of light activity in two or three-minute bursts can be just as effective as a half-hour block of exercise.而這些少量的活動會累積起來,分成兩、三分鐘一小段一小段進行的 30 分鐘輕度活動,可以和連續半小時的運動一樣有效。
- add up:「累積」
- those small amounts of activity:「那些少量的活動」
- in two or three-minute bursts:「分成兩、三分鐘一小段一小段地做」,burst 這裡是「短時間的一陣」
- light activity:「輕度活動」
- just as effective as…:「和…一樣有效」
- block:這裡是「一段(時間)」
一字多義
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