學測考點
north
「北方、往北」:north 可以當名詞,也可以當副詞
- drifted north
- lived north of Mecca
- north comes at the top of a map
- north points down
學測原句
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Sailors took the North Star as their final destination.水手把北極星當作他們的最終目的地。
- take A as B:「把 A 當作 B」
- the North Star:「北極星」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Pod hotels are also seen in Europe and North America, especially in big cities like New York, London, and Paris.艙式旅館在歐洲與北美也看得到,尤其是紐約、倫敦、巴黎這類大城市。
- be seen:「看得到」
- especially in…:「尤其是在…」
- like:這裡表示「像…這樣的」
- 112 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›In order to draw her family tree, Mary tried to trace her ancestors back to their arrival in North America.為了畫出自己的家族樹,Mary 試著把她的祖先追溯到他們抵達北美的時候。
- family tree:「族譜」,家族像樹一樣分枝
- trace A back to B:「把 A 追溯到 B」
- arrival:「抵達」,arrive 的名詞
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Totem poles in North America are poles or posts carved with symbols or figures by Aboriginal peoples of the Northwest Coast.北美的圖騰柱,是西北海岸原住民族用符號或圖像雕刻的柱子。
- totem pole:「圖騰柱」
- carve:「雕刻」
- figure:這裡是「圖像、人像」
- Aboriginal peoples:「原住民族」
- the Northwest Coast:「西北海岸」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段At present, desalinating seawater is the only viable way to provide water to growing populations in rural areas of the Middle East and North Africa.目前,淡化海水是為中東與北非農村成長中人口供水唯一可行的方法。
- at present:「目前」
- provide water to…:「供水給…」
- growing populations:「成長中的人口」
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›In the Bermuda Triangle, a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean, some airplanes and ships were reported to have mysteriously disappeared without a trace.在百慕達三角,也就是北大西洋西部的一個區域,據報導有些飛機和船隻神祕地消失得無影無蹤。
- were reported to have disappeared:「據報導已消失」,to have + p.p. 表示消失在報導之前
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe, and were brought to North America by European colonists in the 17th century.蘋果在亞洲和歐洲已種植數千年,並在十七世紀由歐洲殖民者帶到北美洲。
- have been grown:現在完成式被動
- the 17th century:「十七世紀」
- were brought:被動語態
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Have you ever wondered why north comes at the top of a map?你有沒有想過,為什麼地圖上面是北方?
- have you ever wondered why…:「你有沒有想過為什麼…」,wonder 是「好奇」
- come at the top:「位於最上面」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 6 段So, perhaps the north-on-top practice is less a rule and more a blip.所以,「北方在上」或許不算規則,只是歷史上的一段小插曲。
- less A and more B:「與其說是 A,不如說是 B」
- blip:「短暫的小變動」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The preference for north arose during the European age of exploration.偏好以北方為上,是在歐洲的大航海時代出現的。
- preference for…:「對…的偏好」,prefer 的名詞
- arise:「出現」,過去式 arose
- 背景:大航海時代(age of exploration)約在 15 到 17 世紀,歐洲人開始遠洋航行、尋找新航路。
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段In the oldest surviving maps, south is at the top, and north points down.在現存最古老的地圖裡,南方在上面,北方朝下。
- surviving:「留存下來的」
- point down:「朝下」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Well, north may seem a natural choice for the top spot today, but that wasn’t always the case.嗯,今天北方在上面看起來理所當然,但以前並不一定是這樣。
- that wasn't always the case:「以前不一定是這樣」,the case 是「實際情況」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段At the time, sailors relied on the North Star to find their way across the Mediterranean and later the Atlantic.當時,水手靠北極星在地中海、後來在大西洋上辨認方向。
- rely on…:「依靠」
- find one's way:「找到路」
- the North Star:「北極星」
- the Mediterranean:「地中海」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段The next five months, the crew camped out on the pack ice as it drifted north, surviving on penguins, seals, and seaweed.接下來的五個月,船員在浮冰上紮營,隨著浮冰往北漂,靠吃企鵝、海豹和海藻維生。
- camp out:「露營」
- survive on…:「靠…維生」
- as it drifted north:as 表示「同時」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段By the 16th century, when Europe’s search for trading routes was at its peak, maps became Eurocentric, with north on top.到了 16 世紀,歐洲尋找貿易路線的風潮達到頂峰,地圖變成以歐洲為中心,北方在上。
- by + 時間:「到…的時候」
- at its peak:「在最高峰」,peak 是「山頂」
- Eurocentric:「以歐洲為中心的」,Euro + center + -ic
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The expansion of European imperialism in the following centuries further established the “north up” practice as the standard.接下來幾個世紀歐洲帝國主義的擴張,更進一步把「北方在上」確立為標準。
- expansion:「擴張」,expand 的名詞
- establish A as B:「把 A 確立為 B」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Map makers in Arabia also drew maps with south on top since the earliest Muslims lived north of Mecca, and a south-oriented map would show the followers looking up toward their holy city.阿拉伯的製圖者也以南方為上,因為最早的穆斯林住在麥加以北,以南方為上的地圖會讓信徒看起來像是仰望著他們的聖城。
- map maker:「製圖者」;since 在這裡是「因為」
- follower:「信徒」,follow「追隨」+ -er
- with south on top:「以南方為上」
- 背景:麥加(Mecca)位於今沙烏地阿拉伯,是伊斯蘭教最神聖的城市,穆斯林祈禱時面向麥加。
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段While many of these poles can still be found in various locations on the west coast of North America, there is one pole that can now only be found in a museum—the shame pole.雖然這些柱子有許多仍可在北美西岸各地看到,有一種柱子現在只能在博物館看到,那就是羞辱柱。
- various locations:「各個地點」
- the west coast:「西岸」
- there is one pole that…:「有一種柱子…」,shame pole 是同位語
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段It shows his extraordinary career from the battlefields, farmland, and coastal villages of America, to the North Sea fishing village of Cullercoats, the rocky coast of Maine, the Adirondacks, and the Caribbean.展覽呈現他不凡的生涯,從美國的戰場、農田和海岸村莊,到北海的漁村 Cullercoats、緬因州的岩岸、阿第倫達克山區與加勒比海。
- extraordinary:「不凡的」
- from A to B, C, D, and E:列舉地點,不用背地名
補充說明: north / northern
north 與 northern 都可形容「北方」,指涉的範圍不同。north 指「方位本身」,也可直接修飾名詞,the north side 為「北側」。northern 指「屬於北部地區的」,northern Taiwan 為「台灣北部」。判斷方式為:指「方位本身」用 north,形容「一個地區屬於北部」用 northern。
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
