學測考點
in other words
「換句話說」(in other words, it is a way for you)
from one…to the other
「從一個…到另一個」:from one…to the other(from one direction to the other)
other than…
「除了…以外」:後面接名詞,把某個項目排除在外(for reasons other than aesthetics)
學測原句
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段In other words, it is a way for you to put the deepest areas of your brain to good use while you're sleeping.換句話說,這是讓你在睡覺時善用大腦最深處區域的方法。
- in other words:「換句話說」
- put…to good use:「善加利用…」
- while you're sleeping:「在你睡覺的時候」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段During different tides, currents may change from one direction to the other.不同潮汐期間,水流可能從一個方向轉成另一個方向。
- current:這裡是名詞,「水流」
- from one direction to the other:「從一個方向到另一個方向」
- 111 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The round windows are indeed pleasant to the eye, but they actually were designed for reasons other than aesthetics.圓窗看起來確實賞心悅目,但設計成圓的其實另有原因,不是為了美觀。
- pleasant to the eye:「悅目的」
- indeed:「確實」
- other than…:「除了…以外」
- 115 學測|混合題|第 3 段“Here everyone looks out for each other and the neighborhood,” she says.「在這裡,大家會彼此照應,也會照顧這個社區。」她說。
- look out for someone:「照顧某人」,look out 是「注意」,for 表示為了誰
- 114 學測|混合題|第 3 段What gives humans the right to capture, confine, or breed other species?是什麼賦予人類權利,去捕捉、圈禁或繁殖其他物種?
- give someone the right to V:「賦予某人…的權利」
- species:「物種」,單複數同形
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段By the time Moran died, he had painted a dozen other areas that would become national parks or monuments.到 Moran 過世時,他已經畫過另外十二個日後會成為國家公園或紀念地的地區。
- by the time + 過去式,主要子句用過去完成式:「到…的時候,已經…」
- a dozen:「一打、十二個」
- that would become…:站在過去看未來
- monument:這裡指「國家紀念地」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Other scientists suggest that plants, like animals, compete for resources—nutrients, water, space, and light.其他科學家則認為,植物和動物一樣,會競爭資源,也就是養分、水、空間與光線。
- suggest that…:「提出…看法」
- compete for…:「爭奪…」,competition 是名詞
- resources—nutrients, water, space, and light:破折號後面的列舉說明爭奪哪些資源
- nutrient:「養分」,nutrition 是「營養」
- 111 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Such festive activities are usually held in parks, temples, and other public places around Japan.這類歡慶活動通常在日本各地的公園、寺廟和其他公共場所舉行。
- festive:「節慶的」
- such…:「這類…」
- public places:「公共場所」
- around Japan:「日本各地」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 1 篇What advantage does the prickly pear cactus have over other biofuel crops?prickly pear 仙人掌比其他生質燃料作物有什麼優勢?
- advantage over…:「比…更有優勢」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Slowly, her behavior toward the other fish also changes.慢慢地,牠對其他魚的行為也改變了。
- behavior toward…:「對…的行為」
- slowly:「慢慢地」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Although Capoeira appears dancelike, many of its basic techniques are similar to those in other martial arts.雖然 Capoeira 看起來像舞蹈,但它的許多基本技巧與其他武術相似。
- appear:這裡是「看起來」
- dancelike:「像舞蹈的」,-like
- be similar to…:「與…相似」
- those in other martial arts:those 指 techniques
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇Many other five-year-olds had problems reaching the bathroom sink.許多其他五歲孩子也有搆不到浴室洗手台的困難。
- have problems V-ing:「做…有困難」
- reach:「搆到」
- bathroom sink:「浴室洗手台」
- five-year-olds:「五歲孩子」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇Her doctor asked her to consult other specialists due to her constant complaints.她的醫生因她持續出現不適,要求她去看其他專科醫師。
- specialist:「專科醫師」
- due to…:「由於…」
- constant:「不斷的」
- complaint:這裡是「不適、症狀」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段When all members in a group know what's going on with each other, it is less likely that they will fight.當群體裡每個成員都知道彼此的近況時,就比較不容易打架。
- know what's going on with someone:「知道某人的近況」
- it is less likely that…:「比較不可能…」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In particular, they leave their poop in the same place for all the other members in the group to smell—just like humans leaving messages on social media.具體來說,牠們會把糞便留在同一個地方,讓群體裡其他成員都能聞到,就像人類在社群媒體上留言一樣。
- in particular:「特別是」,particular 是「特定的」,就是特別指出某一點
- for all the other members to smell:for + 人 + to V,「讓…去聞」
- just like humans leaving…:leaving 修飾 humans
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Since then, capsule hotels have quickly spread to other cities and countries.從那時起,膠囊旅館迅速擴散到其他城市與國家。
- since then:「從那時起」,搭配現在完成式
- spread:「擴散」,三態同形(spread-spread-spread)
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段Also, you may have to share common facilities (such as bathrooms) with other guests.此外,你可能得和其他客人共用公共設施(例如浴室)。
- share A with B:「和 B 共用 A」
- common:這裡是「共用的」,大家共同擁有
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段Each capsule is equipped with a comfortable mattress, a small light, and sometimes a television or other entertainment options.每個膠囊都配有舒適的床墊、一盞小燈,有時還有電視或其他娛樂設備。
- be equipped with…:「配備有…」,equip 是「配備」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Intersections will operate in a way that cars automatically adjust their speed to cross through, while maintaining safe distances from other vehicles.路口將以這樣的方式運作:車輛自動調整速度通過,同時與其他車輛保持安全距離。
- in a way that…:「以…的方式」
- cross through:「穿越」
- maintain:「維持」,保持原狀不讓它變
- maintain a distance from…:「與…保持距離」
- while maintaining…:「同時保持…」
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Your brain doesn't know whether you are stationary or moving when these parts send conflicting information: One part of your balance-sensing system detects that your body is moving, but the other parts don't.當這些部位傳來互相矛盾的資訊時,大腦就分不清你是靜止還是在移動:平衡感應系統的某一部分察覺到身體在動,其他部分卻沒有。
- stationary:「靜止的」,station 本義是站著的地方,所以 stationary 就是站著不動
- conflicting:「互相衝突的」,conflict 是「衝突」
- the other parts don't:don't 後面省略 detect that your body is moving
- balance-sensing:「感應平衡的」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 3 段They travel entirely along tree branches and vines, laying down trails of pheromone (a chemical substance) behind them so that other ants can follow.牠們完全沿著樹枝與藤蔓移動,並在身後留下費洛蒙(一種化學物質)的路徑,讓其他螞蟻能跟著走。
- lay down:「留下 / 鋪設」
- trail:「路徑」
- pheromone:「費洛蒙」,動物分泌來傳遞訊息的化學物質
- so that… can:「以便…能」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Other groundbreaking products, including Omega-3 capsules, cold virus pretreatment sprays, and dog snacks are made from what was once cod catch detritus.其他開創性的產品,包括 Omega-3 膠囊、感冒病毒預處理噴劑和狗零食,都是用過去的鱈魚漁獲廢棄物做成的。
- groundbreaking:「開創性的」,破土動工就是創舉
- pretreatment:「預處理」,pre-(先)+ treatment
- be made from…:「由…製成」,from 指來自某處,表示與原料已有距離,所以看不出原料是什麼
- what was once…:「過去曾是…的東西」
- detritus:「碎屑 / 廢棄物」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段By doing so, the flock members are able to keep a safe distance between themselves, and thus avoid crashing into each other while they flee from the predator.這樣一來,群體成員就能彼此保持安全距離,避免在逃離掠食者時互相撞上。
- by doing so:「這樣做」
- keep a safe distance:「保持安全距離」
- crash into…:「撞上…」
- flee from…:「逃離…」,flee 的三態是 flee-fled-fled
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段He determined that if he could recreate the same thing, making hooks-and-loops that bind to each other firmly, he could produce a strong fastener with many uses.他斷定,如果能重現同樣的東西,做出彼此緊緊相扣的鉤與環,就能做出用途很多的強力扣件。
- determine:這裡是「斷定」
- recreate:「重新製造」,re-(再)+ create
- bind to…:「與…緊密結合」
- fastener:「扣件」,fasten 是「扣緊」
- with many uses:「有很多用途的」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段Instead of paying attention to all the other members and following the group pattern, they now focus only on the birds within a fixed distance from them, based on information coming from other members.牠們不再關注所有其他成員、遵循群體模式,而是只專注在距離自己固定範圍內的鳥,並依據其他成員傳來的資訊行動。
- instead of + V-ing:「而不是…」
- pay attention to…:「注意…」,to 是介系詞
- within a fixed distance:「在固定距離內」
- based on…:「根據…」
- coming from…:「來自…的」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段100% Fish takes the initiative to show seafood companies the importance of collaboration, and facilitate valuable connections between fishing companies and other participants of the project, including academia, start-ups, and research and development teams.「100% Fish」主動讓海產公司看見合作的重要,並促成漁業公司與計畫其他參與者之間的寶貴連結,這些參與者包括學術界、新創公司與研發團隊。
- take the initiative to V:「主動…」
- collaboration:「合作」,col-(一起)+ labor(工作)
- facilitate:「促進」,讓事情變容易
- start-up:「新創公司」
- research and development:「研發」
- 111 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Curved windows, on the other hand, distribute stress around more evenly, reducing the likelihood of cracks or breaks.另一方面,彎曲的窗戶能把應力更平均地分散開,降低出現裂縫或破裂的可能。
- on the other hand:「另一方面」
- distribute:「分散、分配」
- likelihood:「可能性」,likely 是「可能的」
- break:這裡是名詞,「破裂」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段And this is certainly a serious warning about the depressing fate of other glaciers around the world.這無疑是對世界其他冰河令人沮喪的命運的嚴重警告。
- certainly:「無疑地」
- serious warning:「嚴重警告」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段The prickly pear has a number of advantages over other biofuel crops, such as wheat, sugarcane, and soybeans.這種仙人掌比小麥、甘蔗和黃豆等其他生質燃料作物更具多項優勢。
- a number of…:「許多…」
- advantages over…:「比…有優勢」
- biofuel crops:「生質燃料作物」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Roy Sullivan, a park ranger in the United States, was struck by lightning more recorded times than any other human being.美國公園管理員 Roy Sullivan 被閃電擊中、且有紀錄的次數,比其他任何人都多。
- park ranger:「公園管理員」
- more recorded times than any other human being:「有紀錄的次數比其他任何人都多」
- 背景:Roy Sullivan 被稱為「人體避雷針」,被閃電擊中的次數列入金氏世界紀錄。
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段Moreover, each visitor is offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park.此外,每位遊客都可以選擇配戴 GPS Adventure Band,讓他們在園區內能互相追蹤位置。
- be offered the option to V:「被提供…的選擇」
- GPS Adventure Band:「GPS 冒險手環」
- keep track of…:「持續掌握…的位置、動態」
- each other:「彼此」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In medieval Europe, on the other hand, travel documents were issued by local authorities, and generally contained a list of towns and cities which the document holder was permitted to enter or pass through.另一方面,在中世紀歐洲,旅行文件由地方當局簽發,通常包含持有者獲准進入或通過的城鎮清單。
- on the other hand:「另一方面」
- issue:「核發」
- document holder:「文件持有者」
- pass through:「通過」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 5 段Another issue is the suitability of exposing feet on the street and places other than the beach.另一個問題是,在街上和海灘以外的場所露出腳是否合適。
- suitability:「適當性」,suitable 是「適當的」
- exposing feet:「露出腳」,expose 是「暴露」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Scientists already knew earlier that wind and splashes of rainwater can move bacteria and other germs from leaf to leaf.科學家早就知道,風和飛濺的雨水能把細菌和其他病菌從一片葉子帶到另一片葉子。
- splash:這裡是名詞,「飛濺」
- from leaf to leaf:「一片傳一片」,名詞不加冠詞
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Since then, other companies have jumped on the bandwagon to promote everything from soft drinks to new clothes as a remedy.從那時起,其他公司也跟風,推廣從汽水到新衣服的各種東西,把它們當作解方。
- jump on the bandwagon:「跟風」,bandwagon 是遊行時載樂隊的車,大家看到熱鬧就跳上車跟著走
- soft drinks:「不含酒精的飲料」,常指汽水
- remedy:「解方、補救辦法」
- everything from A to B:「從 A 到 B 的所有東西」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Many scientists, however, say there is no evidence that Blue Monday causes any more sadness than other specific days of the year.然而許多科學家表示,沒有證據顯示憂鬱星期一比一年中其他特定日子造成更多悲傷。
- there is no evidence that…:「沒有證據顯示…」
- cause:「造成」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 4 段RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to alert other deer when they perceive danger.RTRI 官員解釋,鹿察覺到危險時,有反覆噴出短而尖銳聲音的習慣,用來警告其他鹿。
- have a habit of V-ing:「有…的習慣」
- alert:這裡是動詞,「警告」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In a search for other possible transmission routes, researchers at Virginia Tech observed water drops on the leaves of wheat plants that were infected with leaf rust.為了尋找其他可能的傳播途徑,Virginia Tech 的研究人員,觀察了感染葉鏽病的小麥葉片上的水滴。
- in a search for…:「在尋找…的過程中」
- transmission route:「傳播途徑」
- be infected with…:「被…感染」
- leaf rust:「葉鏽病」,rust 本義是「鐵鏽」,病斑像鏽
- 背景:Virginia Tech(維吉尼亞理工大學)是美國維吉尼亞州的大學。
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17.根據日本國土交通省的資料,2016 至 2017 年間,因撞到鹿和其他野生動物,造成列車停駛或延誤至少 30 分鐘的案例有 613 件。
- transport ministry:「交通部」,日本的交通主管機關是國土交通省
- suspend:「暫停」
- delay:「延誤」
- resulting from…:「由…造成的」
- wild animals:「野生動物」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Most of them act as cleaners for other fish and pick dead tissue from their bodies.大多數天使魚為其他魚充當清潔工,啄掉牠們身上的死組織。
- act as…:「擔任…」
- pick:這裡是「啄取」
- dead tissue:「死掉的組織」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Other people began to make fun of these traditionalists, sending them on "fool's errands" or trying to fool them into believing something false.其他人開始嘲弄這些守舊的人,派他們去做「徒勞無功的差事」,或設法騙他們相信錯誤的事。
- make fun of…:「嘲弄…」
- traditionalist:「守舊者」
- fool's errand:「徒勞無功的差事」
- fool someone into believing…:「騙某人相信…」
- 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The young generation in this country has shown less interest in factory work and other manual labor jobs, such as house construction and fruit picking.這個國家的年輕世代,對工廠工作和其他體力勞動的工作,例如蓋房子和採水果,興趣較低。
- show less interest in…:「對…的興趣較低」
- house construction:「蓋房子」
- fruit picking:「採水果」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段Once the pests detect the chemical fog in the room, they’ll hide themselves in walls or other hideaways, where you’ll never be able to treat them effectively.一旦害蟲察覺到房間裡的化學煙霧,就會躲進牆壁或其他藏身處,在那裡你永遠無法有效處理牠們。
- chemical fog:「化學煙霧」
- hideaway:「藏身處」
- where 指 walls or other hideaways
- treat:這裡是「處理、施藥」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段After five years of research, she created from pineapple leaves a material which, like real leather, can be used for making bags, shoes, and other textile products.經過五年研究,她用鳳梨葉創造出一種材料,和真皮一樣,可以用來製作包包、鞋子和其他紡織品。
- create A from B:「用 B 創造出 A」
- like real leather:「像真皮一樣」
- a material which…can be used for…:「可用來…的材料」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段Despite the economic and environmental hurdles, desalination is becoming increasingly attractive as human beings are using up fresh water from other sources.儘管有經濟與環境上的阻礙,隨著人類用盡其他來源的淡水,海水淡化正變得越來越有吸引力。
- despite:「儘管」,後面接名詞
- hurdle:「障礙」,本義是「跨欄」
- use up:「用盡」,up 在這裡是「到底、到完」,用到完就是「用盡」
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›After spending most of her salary on rent and food, Amelia barely had any money left for entertainment and other expenses.把大部分薪水花在房租和食物後,Amelia 幾乎沒有剩下什麼錢可用於娛樂和其他開銷。
- after spending…on…:「花…在…上」
- left:「剩下的」
- expense:「開銷」
- 106 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Other researchers believe it was because onions were known for their special curative properties, which would be helpful in the afterlife.其他研究者則認為,是因為洋蔥以特殊的療效著稱,這在來世會有幫助。
- be known for…:「以…著稱」
- curative:「有療效的」,cure 是「治癒」
- afterlife:「來世」,after + life
- which would be helpful:which 指 curative properties
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段After you plunk your money down, Dognition’s website will take you through a questionnaire about your dog: For example, how excited does your dog get around other dogs, or children?你付了錢之後,Dognition 的網站會帶你填一份關於你的狗的問卷,例如:你的狗在其他狗或小孩身邊有多興奮?
- plunk down:「(砰地)付出(錢)」,口語
- questionnaire:「問卷」,字尾是 -aire
- take you through…:「帶你逐步完成…」
- for example:「例如」
- how excited…:冒號後是直接問句,所以用 does your dog 的倒裝語序
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Today, all countries are involved in, and to varying degrees dependent on, trade with other countries.如今,所有國家都參與與其他國家的貿易,並且在不同程度上依賴它。
- be involved in…:「參與…」
- to varying degrees:「在不同程度上」
- dependent on…:「依賴…」
- all countries are involved in, and…dependent on, trade:兩個形容詞共用 trade 當受詞
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Like many other five-year-olds, Jeanie Low of Houston, Texas, would use a stool to help her reach the bathroom sink.和許多其他五歲孩子一樣,德州休士頓的 Jeanie Low 會用小凳子幫助自己搆到浴室洗手台。
- like many other five-year-olds:「像許多其他五歲孩子一樣」
- reach:「搆到」
- sink:「洗手台」
- would use:這裡 would 表示過去的習慣
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The report concludes with an earnest request to international policymakers to distribute financial and other resources to ease the regional crisis.報告最後懇切呼籲國際決策者分配財務和其他資源,以緩解區域危機。
- conclude with…:「以…作結」
- earnest:「懇切的」
- policymaker:「決策者」
- ease:「緩解」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Psychologically, this exercise may increase communication between the body and the mind and enable one to deal with other people more effectively.在心理上,這項運動可能增進身心之間的溝通,並讓人更有效地與他人相處。
- psychologically:「在心理上」
- enable someone to V:「使某人能夠…」
- deal with…:「應付、與…相處」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after consulting with other patients in online support groups.經過數年身體上的痛苦,以及醫療費用造成的近乎財務破產,這對夫妻在與網路支持團體中的其他病人諮詢後,開始質疑這些治療。
- near financial ruin:「近乎財務破產」
- question:這裡是動詞,「質疑」
- consult with…:「與…商量」
- support group:「支持團體」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段But without that activity, blood sugar levels and blood pressure keep creeping up, steadily damaging the inside of the arteries and increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and other serious diseases.但沒有這些活動,血糖與血壓就會不斷爬升,持續損害動脈內壁,並增加罹患糖尿病、心臟病、中風及其他嚴重疾病的風險。
- creep up:「慢慢上升」
- steadily:「持續地」
- damaging…and increasing…:兩個分詞構句,表示結果
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
