學測考點
since
副詞「從那時起」(have since been built around the world、has since worked to inspire others)
since
連接詞「因為」
- since these trails can easily be broken
- since the elephants need to use tea plantations
- since they live at sea
- since there is a special physical bond
- since many of our house plants
since
連接詞「既然」(since the ocean covers more than 70 percent of the Earth)
學測原句
- 113 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Phones resembling the wind phone have since been built around the world.此後,與風之電話相似的電話,已在世界各地建造起來。
- resemble:「像」,是及物動詞,後面不加 to
- since:這裡是副詞,「從那時起」,搭配現在完成式 have been built
- 111 學測|混合題|第 4 段Yusra eventually settled in Germany and has since worked to inspire others to pursue their dreams.Yusra 最後在德國定居,此後一直努力激勵別人追求夢想。
- settle in…:「在…定居」
- has since worked to inspire…:since 在這裡是副詞,「從那時起」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Some may ask, “Since the ocean covers more than 70 percent of the Earth, why not just get drinking water from the ocean?”有些人可能會問:「既然海洋覆蓋了地球 70% 以上,為什麼不直接從海洋取得飲用水?」
- since:這裡是「既然」
- more than 70 percent of…:「超過 70%」
- some may ask:some 當主詞,指「有些人」
- 115 學測|混合題|第 6 段Open since 1996, the store features traditional-style home accessories, ranging from cabinets and chairs to picture frames and decorative mirrors.這家店從 1996 年開業至今,主打傳統風格的家飾,從櫥櫃、椅子到相框和裝飾鏡都有。
- open since 1996:「從 1996 年開到現在」
- feature:「以…為特色」
- ranging from A to B:「範圍從 A 到 B」
- decorative:「裝飾用的」,decorate 是「裝飾」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Since then, capsule hotels have quickly spread to other cities and countries.從那時起,膠囊旅館迅速擴散到其他城市與國家。
- since then:「從那時起」,搭配現在完成式
- spread:「擴散」,三態同形(spread-spread-spread)
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 1 篇It has been a market favorite since its first appearance.它從首度問世以來,一直是市場上的寵兒。
- favorite:這裡是名詞,「最受歡迎的東西」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Gravity has been at the top of the science agenda since the start of Mars missions.自從火星任務開始以來,重力一直是科學議程的首要項目。
- at the top of the agenda:「列在議程最前面」,也就是「最優先」
- Mars missions:「火星任務」
- since the start of…:「自…開始以來」
- gravity:「重力」
- 111 學測|混合題|第 1 段Refugee athletes have been invited to compete in the Olympic Games since 2016.自 2016 年以來,難民運動員受邀參加奧運會。
- be invited to V:「受邀去…」
- compete:「競賽」
- have been invited…since 2016:現在完成式 + since
- 110 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Since many of our house plants are from humid jungle environments, they need moist air to keep them green and healthy.由於我們許多室內植物來自潮濕的叢林環境,它們需要濕潤的空氣才能維持翠綠與健康。
- house plant:「室內植物」
- keep them green and healthy:keep + 受詞 + 形容詞
- 109 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Due to the global financial crisis, the country's exports decreased by 40 percent last month, the largest drop since 2000.由於全球金融危機,該國上個月的出口下降了 40%,是 2000 年以來最大的跌幅。
- due to…:「由於…」
- global financial crisis:「全球金融危機」
- by 40 percent:「幅度為 40%」
- drop:「下跌」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段The mother’s fear of loss especially makes sense since the infant/toddler years of life are fragile ones.母親對失去孩子的恐懼特別合理,因為嬰幼兒時期的生命很脆弱。
- make sense:「合理」
- infant/toddler years:「嬰兒與學步期」,toddler 是「剛學走路的幼兒」
- fear of loss:「失去的恐懼」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段A lover of tea since her childhood in Portugal, she brought tea-drinking to the English royal court and set a trend for the beverage in the seventeenth century.她從小在葡萄牙就愛喝茶,把喝茶帶進英國皇室宮廷,並在十七世紀帶起這種飲料的風潮。
- A lover of tea:「愛茶的人」
- since her childhood:「從童年起」
- set a trend for…:「帶起…的流行」
- beverage:「飲料」,比 drink 正式
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇The war in Syria has been going on since 2011.敘利亞的戰爭從 2011 年持續到現在。
- go on:「持續」
- has been going on:現在完成進行式
- since 2011:「自 2011 年起」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段He was worried that the audience would fall asleep since most of the 75-minute performance was a cappella, that is, singing without instrumental sound.他擔心觀眾會睡著,因為 75 分鐘的表演大部分是無伴奏合唱,也就是沒有樂器聲的歌唱。
- fall asleep:「睡著」
- a cappella:「無伴奏歌唱」,可以獨唱或合唱,義大利文
- that is:「也就是」
- instrumental:「樂器的」,instrument 是「樂器」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Map makers in Arabia also drew maps with south on top since the earliest Muslims lived north of Mecca, and a south-oriented map would show the followers looking up toward their holy city.阿拉伯的製圖者也以南方為上,因為最早的穆斯林住在麥加以北,以南方為上的地圖會讓信徒看起來像是仰望著他們的聖城。
- map maker:「製圖者」;since 在這裡是「因為」
- follower:「信徒」,follow「追隨」+ -er
- with south on top:「以南方為上」
- 背景:麥加(Mecca)位於今沙烏地阿拉伯,是伊斯蘭教最神聖的城市,穆斯林祈禱時面向麥加。
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Since that rainy morning in Mill Valley, the World Café approach has been applied to multi-group discussions and cooperative actions by businesses, industries, and educational institutions around the world.自從 Mill Valley 那個下雨的早晨起,World Café 的方法已被全世界的企業、產業與教育機構,運用在多組討論與合作行動上。
- since…, has been applied:since 搭配現在完成式,「從那時到現在」
- apply A to B:「把 A 運用到 B」,本義是把 A 放到 B 上面
- multi-group:「多組的」
- cooperative:「合作的」,co-(一起)+ operate(運作)
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Since the painter’s work appeared, Yellowstone National Park has come to be known as a picturesque wonderland.自從這位畫家的作品問世,黃石國家公園就逐漸被認為是風景如畫的奇境。
- since…, has come to be known as…:「從…以來,逐漸被認為是…」
- picturesque:「風景如畫的」,picture + esque(像…的)
- wonderland:「奇境」,wonder + land
- 113 學測|混合題|第 3 段However, since these trails can easily be broken by wind or rain, the ants have to find new paths to get around the broken points and reestablish the network.然而,由於這些路徑很容易被風雨破壞,螞蟻必須找出新的路徑繞過斷點,重建網絡。
- get around…:「繞過…」
- broken points:「斷點」
- reestablish:「重建」,re-(再)+ establish
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Scientists have been discussing crown shyness since the 1920s, proposing multiple explanations for the phenomenon.自 1920 年代以來,科學家就一直在討論樹冠羞避,並對這個現象提出多種解釋。
- have been discussing…since…:「自…以來一直在討論」,現在完成進行式
- the 1920s:「1920 年代」
- propose:「提出」
- multiple:「多種的」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Since the elephants need to use tea plantations as landmarks when navigating forests, they almost inevitably have to move through the farms.由於大象在森林中辨認方向前進時,需要以茶園當地標,牠們幾乎不可避免得穿過這些農場。
- navigate:「辨認方向前進」
- inevitably:「不可避免地」,inevitable 是「無法避免的」
- move through…:「穿過…」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段Since the 16th century, Zanzibar has come under the rule of the Portuguese, the Arabians, and then the British, each leaving a mark on the place.自 16 世紀以來,Zanzibar 先後受葡萄牙人、阿拉伯人,再來是英國人統治,每一方都在島上留下印記。
- come under the rule of…:「受…統治」
- the Portuguese:「葡萄牙人」
- Arabian:「阿拉伯人」
- each leaving a mark:獨立分詞構句
- leave a mark on…:「在…留下印記」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段The secret is: Never wait until the body is telling you you're thirsty, since there must already have been significant changes in your body for it to eventually alert your consciousness.祕訣是:絕不要等到身體告訴你口渴了才喝,因為身體一定已經出現明顯變化,才會最後警示你的意識。
- never wait until…:「絕不等到…」
- significant:「明顯的」
- there must already have been…:must have + 過去分詞,「一定已經有…」
- alert:這裡當動詞,「警示」
- 111 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Since the 1970s, book towns like Hay-on-Wye have been springing up all over the world.自 1970 年代以來,像 Hay-on-Wye 這樣的書鎮在世界各地不斷冒出來。
- since the 1970s…have been springing up:現在完成進行式,「一直在冒出來」
- spring up:「冒出來」,spring 的畫面是「彈出來」
- all over the world:「世界各地」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Since its introduction in the early 20th century, the headgear has saved countless lives and is considered the number one safety tool for construction workers.自 20 世紀初問世以來,這種頭部防護具已拯救無數生命,被視為建築工人的頭號安全工具。
- introduction:這裡是「問世、引進」
- headgear:「頭部穿戴物」
- the number one:「第一名的」
- construction worker:「建築工人」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The concept of a travel document, which shows a person is under a ruler’s protection while in a foreign land, has probably existed since rulers and states were first invented.旅行文件的概念,是用來證明一個人身在外國時受統治者保護,這個概念可能從統治者和國家出現之初就存在了。
- travel document:「旅行文件」
- foreign land:「外國土地」
- has probably existed since…:現在完成式 + since
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Since then, other companies have jumped on the bandwagon to promote everything from soft drinks to new clothes as a remedy.從那時起,其他公司也跟風,推廣從汽水到新衣服的各種東西,把它們當作解方。
- jump on the bandwagon:「跟風」,bandwagon 是遊行時載樂隊的車,大家看到熱鬧就跳上車跟著走
- soft drinks:「不含酒精的飲料」,常指汽水
- remedy:「解方、補救辦法」
- everything from A to B:「從 A 到 B 的所有東西」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段President Jefferson also opened the house for public tours, and it has remained open, except during wartime, ever since.傑佛遜總統也開放這棟房子供民眾參觀,從那時起除了戰時之外,一直開放至今。
- public tour:「公開導覽」
- remain open:「保持開放」
- except during wartime:「戰時除外」
- ever since:「從那時起一直到現在」,所以用現在完成式 has remained
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Since there is a special physical bond between mother and child during this period, mothers feel they can sing to their child about their own fears and anxieties.由於這段時期母親與孩子之間有特殊的身體連結,母親覺得可以對孩子唱出自己的恐懼與焦慮。
- bond:這裡是名詞,「連結」
- anxiety:「焦慮」,複數 anxieties
- feel they can V:「覺得可以…」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Since its founding in 1998, Matter of Trust has collected donations of human hair and animal fur to clean up after the thousands of oil spills that happen each year.自 1998 年成立以來,Matter of Trust 蒐集捐贈的人類頭髮與動物毛髮,用來清理每年數千起漏油事件。
- since its founding in 1998:「自 1998 年成立以來」,founding 是 found(創立)的名詞;後面用現在完成式 has collected
- fur:這裡是動物的「毛」,不是「毛皮」
- clean up:「清理」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇The ocean is like a desert to them since they don’t drink seawater.海洋對牠們就像沙漠,因為牠們不喝海水。
- A is like B:「A 像 B」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇Dehydration is not a problem among sea snakes since they live at sea.脫水對海蛇不是問題,因為牠們住在海上。
- a problem among…:「…之間的問題」
- 105 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Although Maggie has been physically confined to her wheelchair since the car accident, she does not limit herself to indoor activities.雖然 Maggie 自從車禍後身體上被限制在輪椅上,她並不把自己侷限在室內活動。
- limit oneself to…:「把自己限制在…」
- 105 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Many people try to save a lot of money before retirement, since having enough money would give them a sense of security for their future.許多人在退休前努力存很多錢,因為有足夠的錢會給他們對未來的安全感。
- retire:「退休」,retirement 是它的名詞
- a sense of…:「…感」
- security:「安全感」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段The report pays particularly close attention to Syria, where a bloody civil war has displaced at least nine million people since the war began in 2011.報告特別關注敘利亞,那裡血腥的內戰自 2011 年開戰以來,已使至少九百萬人流離失所。
- pay attention to…:「關注…」
- civil war:「內戰」
- displace:「使流離失所」
- at least:「至少」
近義字
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
