學測考點
water
不可數「水」
- water makes up more than half of our body weight
- plain water
- loses water and salt
- get rid of water by producing urine
- drink water throughout the day
- a major source of water supply
- requires minimum water
- spread through air and water
- dissolves very easily in water
- small drops of water on the wheat leaves
- the edge of a body of water
學測原句
每個學測考點各列 1–2 句,想看全部的學測原句,請按下方的按鈕。
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 1 段Water makes up more than half of our body weight.水占了我們體重的一半以上。
- make up:「構成、占」
- more than half of…:「…的一半以上」
- body weight:「體重」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 1 段To sustain this amount of fluid in our bodies, plain water is considered our best choice, for it contains no sugar and no calories.為了維持體內這麼多的液體,白開水被認為是最佳選擇,因為它不含糖也不含熱量。
- plain water:「白開水」,plain 是「單純的」
- for:這裡是連接詞,「因為」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Freezing water rushed in and exacerbated the situation.冰冷的海水灌進來,讓情況更加惡化。
- rush in:「衝進來」
- exacerbate:「使惡化」,書面字,一般說 make… worse
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›If you put a container under a leaking faucet, you will be surprised at the amount of water collected in 24 hours.如果你在漏水的水龍頭下放一個容器,會很驚訝 24 小時內收集到的水量。
- leaking faucet:「漏水的水龍頭」,leak 是「漏」
- the amount of water:「水量」,amount 搭配不可數名詞
- collected in 24 hours:「24 小時內累積的」,過去分詞修飾 water
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Before Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place with hot water and steam coming out of hellish holes in the ground.在 Moran 到來之前,大眾想像中的黃石,是一個嚴酷荒蠻的地方,熱水和蒸氣從地面上如地獄般的洞裡冒出來。
- in the popular imagination:「在大眾的想像中」
- harsh:「嚴酷的」
- with + 受詞 + V-ing:with hot water and steam coming out…,「熱水和蒸氣正冒出來」
- hellish:「地獄般的」,hell 是「地獄」
- 111 學測|混合題|第 3 段Yusra dove into the cold water, and—with the help of her sister and two men—swam and pushed the boat for over three hours to reach the Greek island of Lesbos.Yusra 跳進冰冷的海水,在姊妹和兩名男子的協助下,游泳並推船超過三小時,抵達希臘的 Lesbos 島。
- dive into…:「跳進…」,dove 是 dive 的過去式
- with the help of…:「在…的協助下」
- push:「推」
- for over three hours:「超過三小時」
- Lesbos:「萊斯博斯島」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Water has to be poured into the glass hemispheres.水必須倒進玻璃半球裡。
- have to be p.p.:「必須被…」
- pour:「倒」
- hemisphere:「半球」,北半球就是 the Northern Hemisphere
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段This energy allowed the water to jump into the air, which looked just like sneezing!這股能量讓水跳到空中,看起來就像打噴嚏!
- allow A to V:「讓 A 能…」
- jump into the air:「跳到空中」
- which 指前面整件事
- look just like…:「看起來就像…」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 2 篇Which of the following is located at the edge of a body of water?下列何者位於水域的邊緣?
- a body of water:「一片水域」,例如湖、海
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇The urgent need to turn seawater into fresh water.把海水變成淡水的迫切需求。
- urgent:「迫切的」
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 4 段Today, tea can be drunk at any time of the day, and accounts for over two-fifths of all beverages consumed in Britain—with the exception of water.如今,一天任何時候都可以喝茶,茶占英國所消費飲料的五分之二以上,水除外。
- account for…:「占…(比例)」
- over two-fifths:「超過五分之二」
- consume:「消費」
- with the exception of…:「除了…之外」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇To test if sea snakes lose body water at sea.為了測試海蛇在海裡是否會流失體內水分。
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段They came from northwest England, the blackened heart of the Industrial Revolution: Its main street was “a dark, unattractive hole” and the river running through it was a string of dirty water.他們來自英格蘭西北部,也就是工業革命那片被燻黑的心臟地帶:那裡的大街是「又暗又難看的洞」,流經的河流則是一條髒水。
- blackened:「被燻黑的」,black + en
- heart:這裡是「中心地帶」
- running through it:分詞,修飾 river
- a string of…:「一長串 / 一長條」
- 背景:工業革命(Industrial Revolution)約從 18 世紀中葉開始,英格蘭西北部是紡織與煤炭工業中心,空氣和河川汙染嚴重。
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 1 段Yet, is water always the healthiest drink we can reach for?然而,水是不是永遠都是我們能選的最健康的飲料?
- reach for…:「伸手去拿…」,這裡引申為「選」
- the healthiest drink (that) we can reach for:省略關係代名詞
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段To even things out, the body will get rid of water by producing urine.為了讓兩者平衡,身體會透過製造尿液來排出多餘的水。
- even things out:「讓事情平衡」,even 當動詞是「使平整」
- get rid of…:「擺脫 / 排除」
- by producing urine:「藉由製造尿液」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段For this reason, milk can actually be more effective than drinking water.因此,牛奶其實可能比喝水更有效。
- for this reason:「因為這個原因」
- can actually be…:「其實可能是…」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段When a person sweats, he loses water and salt, so he needs to replace both.人流汗時會流失水分和鹽分,所以兩者都需要補充。
- sweat:動詞「流汗」,名詞是「汗」
- replace:這裡是「補充」,replace 本義是「取代」
- both 指 water and salt
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段To combat this, you need to drink water throughout the day to maintain your hydration levels.要解決這個問題,你需要在一天中持續補充水分,維持體內水分充足。
- combat:這裡是動詞,「對抗 / 解決」,to combat this 表目的
- throughout the day:「整天」
- hydration:「水分補充」,hydrate 是「補水」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Replacing lost fluid with just plain water means the body has too much water and not enough salt.只用白開水補充流失的水分,表示身體的水太多、鹽太少。
- replace A with B:「用 B 補充 A」
- replacing… means…:動名詞當主詞
- not enough salt:「鹽不夠」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Other scientists suggest that plants, like animals, compete for resources—nutrients, water, space, and light.其他科學家則認為,植物和動物一樣,會競爭資源,也就是養分、水、空間與光線。
- suggest that…:「提出…看法」
- compete for…:「爭奪…」,competition 是名詞
- resources—nutrients, water, space, and light:破折號後面的列舉說明爭奪哪些資源
- nutrient:「養分」,nutrition 是「營養」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段For the average person, however, water remains a very good option for keeping hydrated—if you know how to drink it.不過對一般人來說,只要知道怎麼喝,水仍然是保持水分充足的很好選擇。
- the average person:「一般人」
- keep hydrated:「保持水分充足」,hydrate 是「補水」
- if you know how to drink it:how to V 是「怎麼做…」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Also, drinking a lot of liquid in one go can cause more water to pass through the body quickly and come out as urine.還有,一次喝大量液體,會讓更多水快速通過身體,變成尿液排出。
- in one go:「一口氣」,口語
- cause + 受詞 + to V:「使…」,cause more water to pass
- pass through:「通過」
- come out as…:「變成…出來」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Milk naturally contains salt and lactose, a sugar which the human body needs in small amounts to help stimulate water absorption.牛奶天然含有鹽和乳糖;乳糖是一種糖,人體需要少量,來幫助促進水分吸收。
- lactose:「乳糖」,牛奶裡天然含有的糖
- a sugar which the human body needs…:同位語,解釋 lactose
- absorption:「吸收」,absorb 是「吸收」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Coconut water, which contains salt and carbohydrates, is also more functional than water at restoring and maintaining a normal fluid status after exercise.含有鹽和碳水化合物的椰子水,在運動後恢復並維持正常的體液狀態上,也比水更有效。
- functional:「有功能的 / 有效用的」
- restore:「恢復」
- fluid status:「體液狀態」
- which contains…:補充說明 coconut water
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Much of the forest land where tea is grown in Assam is flat and thus farmers must dig drainage trenches to prevent water from accumulating and hurting the shrubs.Assam 種茶的林地多半是平地,所以農民必須挖排水溝,避免積水傷害茶樹。
- flat:「平坦的」
- drainage trench:「排水溝」,drain 是「排水」
- accumulate:「累積」
- shrub:「灌木」,茶樹就是灌木
- prevent A from V-ing:「避免 A 做…」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段These tropical glaciers serve as a major source of water supply to one-sixth of the world's population.這些熱帶冰河是全球六分之一人口主要的供水來源。
- serve as…:「作為…」
- major source of water supply:「主要的供水來源」
- one-sixth:「六分之一」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Moreover, the cactus requires minimum water, and thus is not grown on traditional agricultural pasture.此外,這種仙人掌需要的水極少,因此不是種在傳統的農業牧地上。
- minimum:這裡是形容詞,「最少的」
- agricultural pasture:「農業牧地」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段This means that no increased competition arises for the water or land presently used for food production.這表示目前用於糧食生產的水或土地,不會因此增加競爭。
- this means that…:「這表示…」
- food production:「糧食生產」
- 110 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Hundreds of residents received free testing kits from the city government to find out if their water contained any harmful chemicals.數百名居民收到市政府提供的免費檢測組,來檢測他們的水是否含有任何有害化學物質。
- city government:「市政府」
- find out if…:「查明是否…」
- contain:「含有」
- harmful chemicals:「有害化學物質」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Plant diseases can also spread through tiny water drops that jump off leaves—a plant's version of a sneeze.植物疾病也能透過從葉子上彈出的細小水滴傳播,這就是植物版的噴嚏。
- tiny:「細小的」
- jump off:「彈離」
- a plant's version of a sneeze:同位語,解釋 tiny water drops that jump off leaves
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The researchers noticed that small drops of water on the wheat leaves would move to combine and form a larger drop.研究人員注意到,小麥葉片上的小水滴會移動、結合,形成較大的水滴。
- notice:「注意到」
- form:這裡是動詞,「形成」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The pilot is needed to direct large ships into a port, where there are often deep water channels surrounded by shallower seabeds.需要引水人引導大型船隻進港,因為港口常有深水航道,周圍環繞著較淺的海床。
- direct:這裡是動詞,「引導」
- channel:「航道」
- surrounded by…:「被…環繞」
- shallow:「淺的」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段They found that the sick plants could "sneeze" and shoot out tiny water drops filled with leaf rust germs, spreading the disease to neighboring plants.他們發現,生病的植物會「打噴嚏」,射出裝滿葉鏽病菌的細小水滴,把疾病傳給鄰近的植物。
- shoot out:「射出」
- filled with…:「裝滿…的」
- spreading…:分詞構句,表結果
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段The ability is unique to those with leaves that are hydrophobic, or repel water—a special feature that forces the liquid to move away when the leaf is exposed to it.只有葉子具疏水性(也就是會排斥水)的植物才有這種能力,這是一種特殊特徵,葉子接觸到水時會迫使液體移開。
- be unique to…:「是…獨有的」
- hydrophobic:「疏水的」,指會排斥水
- repel:「排斥」
- force:「迫使」
- be exposed to…:「接觸到…」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In a search for other possible transmission routes, researchers at Virginia Tech observed water drops on the leaves of wheat plants that were infected with leaf rust.為了尋找其他可能的傳播途徑,Virginia Tech 的研究人員,觀察了感染葉鏽病的小麥葉片上的水滴。
- in a search for…:「在尋找…的過程中」
- transmission route:「傳播途徑」
- be infected with…:「被…感染」
- leaf rust:「葉鏽病」,rust 本義是「鐵鏽」,病斑像鏽
- 背景:Virginia Tech(維吉尼亞理工大學)是美國維吉尼亞州的大學。
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇It is spread through air and water in tropical areas.它在熱帶地區透過空氣和水傳播。
- be spread through…:「透過…傳播」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Mixing salt with water is not as easy as removing salt from seawater.把鹽和水混合,不像從海水中去除鹽那麼容易。
- mixing…:以 V-ing 開頭的一段話當主詞,指「把鹽和水混合」這件事
- not as easy as…:「不像…那麼容易」
- remove A from B:「從 B 去除 A」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The problem is that the desalination of water requires a lot of energy.問題在於海水淡化需要大量能源。
- desalination:「海水淡化」,desalinate 的名詞
- a lot of energy:「大量能源」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Pumping this super-salty water back into the ocean can harm local aquatic life.把這種超鹹的水抽回海洋,可能傷害當地的水中生物。
- pump A back into B:「把 A 抽回 B」
- super-salty:「超級鹹的」
- pumping this super-salty water back into the ocean:動名詞片語當主詞
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Covering 70% of the Earth, the ocean has always satisfied human needs for water.海洋覆蓋地球的 70%,一直滿足人類對水的需求。
- covering 70% of the Earth:分詞構句,表示原因或附帶說明
- satisfy:「滿足」
- needs for…:「對…的需求」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇The increasing population in Saudi Arabia has resulted in shortages of fresh water.沙烏地阿拉伯人口增加,導致淡水短缺。
- result in…:「導致…」
- shortage:「短缺」
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Most parts of Taiwan have access to sufficient supplies of fresh water for drinking.台灣大部分地區都有充足的淡水可供飲用。
- have access to…:「能取得…」
- sufficient:「充足的」
- supply:「供應量」,常用複數 supplies
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段To turn seawater into fresh water, we need to remove the salt in seawater, that is, to desalinate seawater.要把海水變成淡水,我們需要去除海水中的鹽,也就是淡化海水。
- turn A into B:「把 A 變成 B」
- remove:「去除」
- desalinate:「淡化」,de-(去除)+ salt(鹽)
- that is:「也就是說」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Salt dissolves very easily in water, forming strong chemical bonds, and those bonds are difficult to break.鹽很容易溶在水中,形成牢固的化學鍵,而這些鍵很難打斷。
- forming…:分詞構句,表示結果
- bond:「鍵結」
- break:這裡是「打斷」
- strong chemical bonds:「牢固的化學鍵」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The energy and technology to desalinate water are both expensive, and this means that desalinating water can be costly.淡化海水所需的能源與技術都很昂貴,這表示淡化海水的成本可能很高。
- both…:「兩者都」
- this means that…:「這表示…」
- costly:「成本高的」,cost + ly,不是副詞
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Some may ask, “Since the ocean covers more than 70 percent of the Earth, why not just get drinking water from the ocean?”有些人可能會問:「既然海洋覆蓋了地球 70% 以上,為什麼不直接從海洋取得飲用水?」
- since:這裡是「既然」
- more than 70 percent of…:「超過 70%」
- some may ask:some 當主詞,指「有些人」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段But fresh water can be in short supply in many arid regions of the world such as Saudi Arabia, where there are limited water resources.但在世界上許多乾燥的地區,例如水資源有限的沙烏地阿拉伯,淡水可能供應不足。
- in short supply:「供應不足」
- such as Saudi Arabia, where…:where 補充說明沙烏地阿拉伯
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段At present, desalinating seawater is the only viable way to provide water to growing populations in rural areas of the Middle East and North Africa.目前,淡化海水是為中東與北非農村成長中人口供水唯一可行的方法。
- at present:「目前」
- provide water to…:「供水給…」
- growing populations:「成長中的人口」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段As the world population continues to grow, shortages of fresh water will occur more often and the need for additional water supplies will become critical.隨著世界人口持續成長,淡水短缺會更常發生,對額外水源的需求也會變得迫切。
- as:這裡是「隨著」
- shortage:「短缺」,short 的名詞
- critical:這裡是「迫切的、關鍵的」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段Despite the economic and environmental hurdles, desalination is becoming increasingly attractive as human beings are using up fresh water from other sources.儘管有經濟與環境上的阻礙,隨著人類用盡其他來源的淡水,海水淡化正變得越來越有吸引力。
- despite:「儘管」,後面接名詞
- hurdle:「障礙」,本義是「跨欄」
- use up:「用盡」,up 在這裡是「到底、到完」,用到完就是「用盡」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇To see whether sea snakes drink water offered to them.為了觀察海蛇會不會喝提供給牠們的水。
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇If a sea snake was dried and weak, it drank more fresh water.如果海蛇又乾又虛弱,牠會喝更多淡水。
- if…was…, it drank…:if 子句用過去式,描述實驗中發生的事
- dried:「乾癟的」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇To prove that sea snakes drink only water coming from rivers.為了證明海蛇只喝來自河流的水。
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇Most of the sea snakes had lost a lot of body water when captured.大多數海蛇被捕獲時已流失大量體內水分。
- had lost:過去完成式,被捕獲前就已經流失
- body water:「體內水分」
- when captured:省略 they were
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇If captured in the wet season, sea snakes drank a lot of fresh water.如果在雨季被捕獲,海蛇會喝很多淡水。
- if captured:省略 they were
- wet season:「雨季」
- a lot of…:「很多…」
- 105 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Kareem had to fetch the water from a source that was a kilometer away.Kareem 必須從一公里外的水源取水。
- fetch:「去拿來」
- a source that was a kilometer away:「一公里外的水源」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇They usually live near the coastal area where there is more fresh water.牠們通常住在淡水較多的沿海地區。
- coastal area:「沿海地區」
- where there is more fresh water:where 引導形容詞子句,修飾 area
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段This poses a serious problem when it comes to getting enough water to drink.說到要取得足夠的飲用水,這構成了嚴重的問題。
- pose a problem:「造成問題」
- when it comes to…:「說到…」,to 是介系詞,後面接 V-ing 或名詞
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Because yellow-bellied sea snakes usually spend all of their time far from land, rain is the animals’ only source of fresh water.因為黃腹海蛇通常一直待在遠離陸地的地方,雨水是牠們唯一的淡水來源。
- spend all of their time far from land:「一直待在遠離陸地的地方」
- fresh water:「淡水」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段Finally, as predicted, snakes captured during the dry season contained significantly less body water than those scooped up in the rainy season.最後,如預期的,乾季捕獲的蛇,身體水分明顯少於雨季撈到的蛇。
- as predicted:「如預期」
- capture:「捕獲」
- significantly:「明顯地」
- contain:「含有」
- scoop up:「撈起」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段They found that during the dry season about half of the snakes accepted fresh water offered to them, while nearly none did during the wet season.他們發現,在乾季,約有一半的蛇接受提供給牠們的淡水,而在雨季幾乎沒有蛇接受。
- accept:「接受」
- offered to them:過去分詞,修飾 fresh water
- while:這裡是「而」,表示對比
- nearly none:「幾乎沒有」
- wet season:「雨季」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段When it rains, a thin layer of fresh water forms on top of the ocean, providing the snakes with a fleeting opportunity to lap up that precious resource.下雨時,海面上會形成一層薄薄的淡水,讓蛇有短暫的機會舔食這項珍貴資源。
- thin layer:「薄層」
- form:這裡是不及物動詞,「形成」
- lap up:「舔食」
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
