學測考點
be associated / linked / connected with…
「與…有關」
- is linked with brain size and function
- is associated with positive emotions
- being associated with medieval castles
- glaciers are usually associated with colder climates
- linked with scary films
- was connected with tribal fighting
- correlated with its body condition
be equipped / filled / covered / infected with…
「配有 / 充滿 / 覆蓋 / 感染」:with 後面接配備或物質
- is equipped with a comfortable mattress
- equipped with sticks or pea shooters
- was filled with a thick coating
- the town was filled with darkened holes
- covered with
- infected with leaf rust
- infected with the virus
fill / provide / trust / replace A with B
fill A with B「用 B 裝滿 A」、replace A with B「用 B 取代 A」
- filled the state treasury with huge revenues
- filled his sketchbook with the landscape's most stunning sights
- provide him with enough space
- was trusted with many secrets
- replacing lost fluid with just plain water
- smear their hats with coal tar
cope / deal / come up / get along with…
cope with「應付」、deal with「處理」、come up with「想出」、get along with「與…相處」
- cope with
- coping with loss of a loved one
- cope with their earworms
- the way they deal with disturbances
- come up with improved processing
- come up with a new use
- get along with
argue / share / interact / consult with…
「與…爭論 / 分享 / 互動 / 商量」:with 後面接對象
- arguing with a salesperson
- argued furiously with the airline staff
- such as bathrooms) with other guests
- share information with their group members
- interact more often with his friends
- consulting with other
collide / coexist / come in contact with…
「與…碰撞 / 共存 / 接觸」:with 後面接對象
- collisions with animals on the track
- trains colliding with deer
- coexist with the prosperous tea business
- come in contact with the mist
- direct human contact with birds
continue / conclude / experiment / mix with…
「繼續做 / 以…結束 / 用…做實驗 / 與…混合」:with 後面接事物
- continue with the sport they love
- concludes with an earnest request
- experimented with different ways
- when it mixes with rainwater
- concludes with another bonfire
make do with / what to do with / impress with
「將就 / 拿…怎麼辦 / 用…使人印象深刻」:with 後面接事物
- make do with shoes that are too small
- what to do with the separated salt
- achieved international fame with his vivid paintings
with + 名詞(具備、帶有)
「具有…的」:with 後面接具備的特色
- a dark space with little distraction
- a quiet place with minimal light
- paintings with white-toothed smiles
- beverages with low alcohol content
- books with wide margins
- guests with special needs
- patents with innovations on Knight's ideas
- those with unpleasant experiences
- people with synesthesia
- the elderly and those with weak immune systems
with + 受詞 + 分詞 / 補語(伴隨狀況)
「…著」:with 帶出同時存在的狀態
- with their plan disrupted by the rain
- with the upper rooms reached by
- with pink cherry blossoms blooming everywhere
- with the crisis now in its fifth year
- with more than 13 million children already driven from classrooms
- with a strap holding the sandal
- with over 7,000 different kinds in existence
- now with the children performing the pieces
with(介系詞:方法、搭配)
「用…、以…」:with 表示使用的工具或方式
- assaulted them with glass
- with a disconnected phone line
- with sticks to roll them down the road
- with tea
- worn with socks
- listened with full focus
- speaks with a strong Irish accent
- with the help of her sister
- played with hoop toys
with + 抽象名詞(隨著)
「隨著…」
- with the gradual rise of
- with the emergence of self-driving cars
- with the absence of gravity
- fade with time
- varies with age, gender, and place
- increased with the rise of western movies
學測原句
每個學測考點各列 1–2 句,想看全部的學測原句,請按下方的按鈕。
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Research has shown that napping is linked with brain size and function; specifically, it can boost our cognition and memory.研究顯示,小睡與大腦的大小和功能有關;具體來說,小睡能增強我們的認知能力和記憶力。
- be linked with…:「與…有關」,link 是「連結」
- specifically:「具體來說」
- boost:「提升」,常接 memory、confidence
- cognition:「認知能力」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段While in most cultures smiling is associated with positive emotions, in certain cultures the same person can be judged as less intelligent when smiling.雖然在多數文化裡微笑讓人聯想到正面情緒,但在某些文化中,同一個人微笑時反而會被認為比較不聰明。
- while…:「雖然」,帶出對比
- be associated with…:「與…聯想在一起」
- be judged as…:「被評為…」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段Each capsule is equipped with a comfortable mattress, a small light, and sometimes a television or other entertainment options.每個膠囊都配有舒適的床墊、一盞小燈,有時還有電視或其他娛樂設備。
- be equipped with…:「配備有…」,equip 是「配備」
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Equipped with sticks or pea shooters, the human alarms would tour the streets, tap on windows, or blast them with dried peas, trying to wake paying customers in time for work.這些人形鬧鐘帶著長棍或豆子吹管,會在街上巡走,敲窗戶,或用乾豌豆轟打窗戶,設法在上班前叫醒付錢的顧客。
- equipped with…:「配備著…」
- pea shooter:「豆子吹管」,pea 是「豌豆」,用嘴吹豆子打窗
- would + 原形動詞:表示過去的習慣,「總是會…」
- tour:這裡當動詞,「巡走」
- blast A with B:「用 B 猛擊 A」,them 指 windows
- paying customers:「付費的顧客」
- in time for…:「趕上…」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段This soon filled the state treasury with huge revenues, but it also encouraged vodka consumption.這很快讓國庫充滿龐大的收入,但也助長了伏特加的消費。
- fill A with B:「用 B 填滿 A」
- treasury:「國庫」,treasure 是「寶藏」,放寶貝的地方
- revenue:「收入」,指政府或公司的收入
- encourage:這裡是「助長」,讓某件事更常發生
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段For two weeks he filled his sketchbook with the landscape’s most stunning sights.兩週裡,他在素描本上畫滿了當地最驚人的景色。
- fill A with B:「用 B 填滿 A」
- sketchbook:「素描本」,sketch 是「素描」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段They draw elegant henna crowns on the women's bare heads to help them cope with the loss of their hair after cancer treatment.他們在女性光禿的頭上畫優雅的海娜皇冠,幫助她們面對癌症治療後掉髮的失落。
- cope with…:「應付…」
- 113 學測|文意選填|第 4 段Grieving is a natural mechanism for coping with loss of a loved one, and people grieve in various ways.哀悼是面對摯愛離世時的一種自然機制,而每個人哀悼的方式各不相同。
- cope with…:「應對 / 處理…」
- loss of…:「失去…」
- various:「各式各樣的」
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段They may also pretend to be difficult customers, arguing with a salesperson without a good reason.他們也可能假裝是難搞的顧客,無緣無故和銷售人員爭論。
- pretend to V:「假裝…」
- difficult customer:「難搞的顧客」
- argue with someone:「和某人爭論」
- without a good reason:「沒有正當理由」
- salesperson:「銷售人員」
- 104 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The angry passengers argued furiously with the airline staff because their flight was cancelled without any reason.憤怒的乘客與航空公司人員激烈爭吵,因為他們的班機無故被取消。
- argue with…:「與…爭論」
- cancel:「取消」
- without any reason:「沒有任何理由」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段Researchers in Japan have installed on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.日本研究人員在火車上裝了一個會像狗一樣吠叫、像鹿一樣噴鼻息的喇叭,以防止火車與軌道上的動物相撞。
- install on…:「裝在…上」
- in order to V:「為了…」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways.該國一直受火車在鐵道上撞到鹿的問題所困擾。
- be troubled by…:「受…所困擾」
- collide with…:「與…相撞」
- railway:「鐵道」
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Many suggest that most patients can continue with the sport they love.許多人認為,大多數病患可以繼續從事自己喜愛的運動。
- many:這裡指許多醫師
- suggest that…:「認為…」
- continue with…:「繼續從事…」
- the sport they love:省略關係代名詞 that
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The report concludes with an earnest request to international policymakers to distribute financial and other resources to ease the regional crisis.報告最後懇切呼籲國際決策者分配財務和其他資源,以緩解區域危機。
- conclude with…:「以…作結」
- earnest:「懇切的」
- policymaker:「決策者」
- ease:「緩解」
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Then the child has to make do with shoes that are too small.這時孩子就只好湊合著穿太小的鞋。
- make do with…:「湊合著用…」
- too small:「太小」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Also, there is the problem of what to do with the separated salt, which is left over as a very concentrated brine.此外,還有分離出來的鹽該如何處理的問題,這些鹽會留下來成為高濃度的鹽水。
- what to do with…:「該如何處理…」
- separated:「被分離的」
- left over:「剩下」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 5 段A dark space with little distraction is ideal for napping.昏暗、沒什麼干擾的空間最適合小睡。
- little distraction:「幾乎沒有干擾」,little 是「幾乎沒有」(a little 才是「一些」)
- distraction:「讓人分心的事」
- be ideal for…:「最適合…」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 5 段So, find yourself a quiet place with minimal light or with blackout curtains.所以,幫自己找個光線極少或有遮光窗簾的安靜地方。
- minimal:「極少的」,minimum 是「最小值」
- blackout curtains:「遮光窗簾」,blackout 有「完全擋住」的意思,也有「封鎖」的意思
- 114 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段With their plan disrupted by the rain, the two dozen participants squeezed into the living room.計畫被雨打亂,二十四位參與者擠進了客廳。
- with + 受詞 + 過去分詞:「在…被…的情況下」,with their plan disrupted=計畫被打亂
- disrupt:「打亂」,和 interrupt「打斷」意思相近
- two dozen:「兩打、24 個」
- squeeze:「擠」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段The chambers are stacked side-by-side, two units high, with the upper rooms reached by a ladder.這些艙房並排堆疊、共兩層高,上層房間要靠梯子才能到達。
- chamber:「房間」,這裡指艙房,書面用字
- stack:「堆疊」
- two units high:「兩個單位高」
- with + 受詞 + 過去分詞:「…被…的情況」,the upper rooms reached by a ladder=上層房間靠梯子到達
- 115 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The drunk driver who shouted at passers-by and assaulted them with glass bottles was quickly arrested by the police.那名對路人叫囂、還拿玻璃瓶攻擊他們的酒駕駕駛,很快就被警方逮捕。
- passers-by:「路人」,複數 s 加在 passer 後面
- be arrested:「被逮捕」
- 113 學測|文意選填|第 2 段The booth he built housed only an old dial phone with a disconnected phone line.他蓋的電話亭裡只放了一支老式撥盤電話,電話線也是斷開的。
- house:這裡當動詞,「容納 / 裝著」,名詞 house 是房子,動詞就是給東西一個家
- the booth (that) he built:省略關係代名詞
- dial phone:「撥盤式電話」
- disconnected:「斷線的」,dis-(不)+ connected
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 1 段Paintings with white-toothed smiles emerged after the 1700s, with the gradual rise of a culture that valued perception and responsiveness.露出白牙微笑的畫作在 1700 年代之後才出現,當時一種重視感受與回應他人的文化逐漸興起。
- emerge:「出現」,字面是從水裡浮出來
- with the gradual rise of…:「隨著…逐漸興起」
- perception:「感受」
- responsiveness:「對別人有回應」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Now, with the emergence of self-driving cars, researchers have begun to suggest that traffic signals are no longer necessary.如今隨著自駕車出現,研究人員已開始提出,交通號誌不再必要。
- with the emergence of…:「隨著…的出現」,emerge 是「浮現」
- no longer:「不再」
- suggest that…:這裡是「提出」
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 4 段Within a few years, Chinese restaurant owners in San Francisco had copied the recipe and replaced the thank-you notes with fortune notes.幾年之內,舊金山的中餐館老闆就模仿了這個配方,並把感謝字條換成籤語字條。
- within a few years:「幾年內」
- copy:「模仿」
- replace A with B:「用 B 取代 A」
- had copied and (had) replaced:兩個動作並列,都用過去完成式,表示在過去某個時間點之前已完成
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段People only drank beverages with low alcohol content.人們只喝酒精含量低的飲料。
- alcohol content:「酒精含量」
- beverages with…:「具有…的飲料」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇The town was filled with darkened holes.小鎮裡到處都是黑漆漆的洞。
- be filled with…:「充滿…」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段They also struck them with sticks to roll them down the road.他們也用棍子打圈圈,讓它沿著路滾。
- strike:「打、擊」
- roll…down the road:「讓…沿著路滾」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Maasai clothing varies with age, gender, and place.馬賽人的服裝隨年齡、性別和地區而異。
- vary with…:「隨…而不同」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Glaciers are usually associated with colder climates.冰河通常讓人聯想到較寒冷的氣候。
- be associated with…:「與…有關聯、讓人聯想到…」
- 109 學測|文意選填|第 3 段As they grow older and lose their baby fat, the dimples may fade with time.隨著他們長大、失去嬰兒肥,酒窩可能會隨時間淡去。
- baby fat:「嬰兒肥」
- fade:「淡去」
- with time:「隨時間」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗(題目) 第 4 篇What does the author advise people to do with bedbug problems?對於臭蟲問題,作者建議大家怎麼做?
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇Mothers prefer to sing lullabies with a joyful melody.母親比較喜歡用歡樂的旋律唱搖籃曲。
- prefer to V:「比較喜歡…」
- joyful:「歡樂的」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段It came with a high price tag and tea was taxed as well.茶價格很高,而且還要課稅。
- come with…:「附帶…」
- price tag:「價格標籤」,a high price tag 就是「價格很高」
- be taxed:「被課稅」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇They can drink seawater when it mixes with rainwater.海水與雨水混合時,牠們可以喝。
- mix with…:「與…混合」
- when it mixes:it 指 seawater
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 4 篇Interrupting sitting time with light activity as often as possible.盡可能常用輕度活動打斷久坐的時間。
- interrupt:「打斷」
- as often as possible:「盡可能常」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 4 段To begin with, you need to find out the ideal length of a nap.首先,你得找出小睡的理想長度。
- to begin with:「首先」
- find out:「查出」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段Without a shared language, they often resort to smiling to get along with others.在沒有共同語言的情況下,他們常靠微笑來和別人相處。
- resort to…:「只好靠…」,沒有別的辦法才用;to 是介系詞,後面接名詞或 V-ing
- get along with…:「和…相處」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The staircase was built in 113 AD, with a total of 185 steps carved in stone and marble.這座樓梯建於西元 113 年,共有 185 級用石頭和大理石雕成的階梯。
- AD:「西元」
- with a total of…:「總共有…」
- carve:「雕刻」
- 115 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The mayor has such a tight schedule that it takes weeks to arrange an interview with her.市長的行程排得非常緊湊,要安排一場專訪得花上好幾個星期。
- such a… that…:「如此…以致於…」
- arrange an interview:「安排訪談」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段When all members in a group know what's going on with each other, it is less likely that they will fight.當群體裡每個成員都知道彼此的近況時,就比較不容易打架。
- know what's going on with someone:「知道某人的近況」
- it is less likely that…:「比較不可能…」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段In fact, there is a well-known Russian proverb that goes, "Smiling with no reason is a sign of stupidity."事實上,有一句著名的俄羅斯諺語是這麼說的:「無緣無故微笑是愚蠢的表現。」
- a proverb that goes, "…":「諺語的內容是…」
- a sign of…:「…的跡象」
- 115 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段But the culinary art of dim sum had yet to develop, for it was considered inappropriate to pair tea with food.但點心這門烹飪藝術當時還沒發展出來,因為人們認為喝茶配食物並不恰當。
- have yet to V:「還沒有…」,yet 是「還」
- had yet to develop:「那時還沒發展出來」
- culinary:「烹飪的」;for 在這裡是連接詞「因為」
- it was considered inappropriate to V:「被認為不適合…」
- pair A with B:「把 A 和 B 配成一對」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 5 段On August 30, 1916, Shackleton finally got back to Elephant Island with a ship big enough to rescue the rest of his men.1916 年 8 月 30 日,Shackleton 終於帶著一艘大到足以救出其餘船員的船回到象島。
- big enough to V:「大到足以…」,enough 放在形容詞後面
- the rest of…:「其餘的…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段By the 16th century, when Europe’s search for trading routes was at its peak, maps became Eurocentric, with north on top.到了 16 世紀,歐洲尋找貿易路線的風潮達到頂峰,地圖變成以歐洲為中心,北方在上。
- by + 時間:「到…的時候」
- at its peak:「在最高峰」,peak 是「山頂」
- Eurocentric:「以歐洲為中心的」,Euro + center + -ic
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 1 段In the West, for example, portraits of men and women before the 1700s typically depicted them with a serious, unsmiling expression.例如在西方,1700 年代以前的男女肖像畫,通常把他們畫成嚴肅、不帶笑容的表情。
- portrait:「肖像畫」
- depict:「描繪」
- the 1700s:「1700 年代」
- unsmiling:「不笑的」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段To begin with, these staircases were quite narrow, so attackers would have to ascend one at a time, making it impossible to launch a mass attack.首先,這些樓梯相當窄,攻擊者只能一次一個往上爬,不可能發動大規模攻擊。
- ascend:「往上爬」,相反是 descend「往下」
- one at a time:「一次一個」
- launch:「發動」,原意是「發射」,launch an attack 就是把攻擊「發射」出去
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 5 段In perhaps our most common interaction with maps—the use of GPS systems on our phones and in our cars, directions have ceased to be as important.在我們最常使用地圖的方式——手機和車上的 GPS——裡,方位已經不再那麼重要了。
- interaction with…:「和…互動」;GPS 那一串是同位語,解釋前面的 interaction with maps
- cease to be…:「不再是…」,cease 是 stop 的書面字
- 115 學測|混合題|第 4 段Aside from handcrafted beer, the menu boasts hand-made gourmet pizzas such as the Yummy Duck n’ Cheese, loaded with roast duck and, yes, creamy delicious cheese.除了手工啤酒,菜單上還有手工製作的美食披薩,例如「Yummy Duck n' Cheese」,鋪滿烤鴨,沒錯,還有香濃美味的起司。
- aside from…:「除了…以外」
- boast:這裡主詞是菜單,意思是「(有值得誇耀的東西)擁有」,主詞是人時才是「吹噓」
- be loaded with…:「裝滿…」,load 是「裝載」
- creamy:「濃郁如奶油的」,cream + y
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段So, Shackleton made a dangerous attempt to get help: With five crew members, he sailed 800 miles over 16 days across freezing, stormy seas to South Georgia Island.於是 Shackleton 做了一次危險的嘗試去求援:他帶著五名船員,花了 16 天航行 800 英里,穿越冰冷、風暴不斷的海面,抵達 South Georgia Island。
- attempt:「嘗試」,冒號後面說明嘗試的內容
- over 16 days:「花了 16 天」,over 表示在這段期間
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 6 段After centuries of technological advancements, it seems we’ve ended up right where we began in ancient times: with ourselves in the middle, and our destinations at the top.經過幾個世紀的科技進步,我們似乎又回到古代的起點:自己在中間,目的地在上方。
- end up…:「最後變成…」
- right where we began:right 用來加強 where
- with A in the middle:with 帶出狀態
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Being associated with medieval castles and kings, spiral staircases gradually won popularity in European architecture, with new materials emerging to cope with customers’ needs.由於讓人聯想到中世紀城堡與國王,螺旋梯逐漸在歐洲建築中流行起來,新的建材也隨之出現,以滿足顧客的需求。
- being associated with…:分詞構句表示原因
- win popularity:「受歡迎」
- cope with:「應付」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段On August 4, 1914, Sir Ernest Shackleton, along with a skilled crew of 27, set sail on the Endurance toward the South Pole, hoping to make the first land crossing over Antarctica.1914 年 8 月 4 日,Ernest Shackleton 爵士帶著 27 名技術精良的船員,搭乘堅忍號啟航前往南極,希望完成史上第一次橫越南極大陸的壯舉。
- along with…:「連同…」,插入的部分不影響動詞,動詞仍跟著 Shackleton
- set sail:「啟航」,sail 是「帆」
- a crew of 27:「27 人的船員」
- land crossing:「陸地橫越」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Map makers in Arabia also drew maps with south on top since the earliest Muslims lived north of Mecca, and a south-oriented map would show the followers looking up toward their holy city.阿拉伯的製圖者也以南方為上,因為最早的穆斯林住在麥加以北,以南方為上的地圖會讓信徒看起來像是仰望著他們的聖城。
- map maker:「製圖者」;since 在這裡是「因為」
- follower:「信徒」,follow「追隨」+ -er
- with south on top:「以南方為上」
- 背景:麥加(Mecca)位於今沙烏地阿拉伯,是伊斯蘭教最神聖的城市,穆斯林祈禱時面向麥加。
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The defenders, living in the castles, were familiar with the stair pattern and could retreat up them very swiftly; while the attackers were much more likely to stumble and fall, particularly in the dimly lit confines of the staircase.住在城堡裡的守軍熟悉階梯的規律,可以很快往上撤退;攻擊者則更容易絆倒跌落,尤其是在樓梯間光線昏暗的狹窄空間裡。
- defender:「守軍」,defend + -er
- swiftly:「迅速地」,比 quickly 書面
- dimly lit:「光線昏暗的」,lit 是 light 的過去分詞
- confines:「狹窄的空間」
- 114 學測|混合題|第 2 段I don’t agree with caging animals for our entertainment.我不贊成為了我們的娛樂而把動物關進籠子。
- agree with + V-ing:「贊成做…」
- cage:名詞是「籠子」,當動詞是「關進籠子」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Patents with innovations on Knight’s ideas were filed nationwide.以 Knight 的構想為基礎加以創新的專利,在全國各地被提出申請。
- innovations on…:「在…基礎上的創新」
- file:「提出(申請)」,file a patent=申請專利
- nationwide:「全國的」,nation + wide
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段Also, you may have to share common facilities (such as bathrooms) with other guests.此外,你可能得和其他客人共用公共設施(例如浴室)。
- share A with B:「和 B 共用 A」
- common:這裡是「共用的」,大家共同擁有
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Left vacant for years, the deserted house was filled with a thick coating of dust and a smell of old damp wood.這棟荒廢的房子空了好幾年,裡面積了厚厚一層灰塵,還瀰漫著一股陳年潮濕木頭的味道。
- left vacant for years:分詞構句,「空了好幾年」
- deserted:「荒廢無人的」,desert 當動詞是「拋棄」,被拋棄的房子就是沒人住
- a thick coating of dust:「厚厚一層灰塵」,coat 是「外套」,coating 就是像外套一樣罩在表面的一層
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Not satisfied with the first draft of her essay, Mary revised it several times before turning it in to the teacher.Mary 對作文初稿不滿意,修改了好幾次才交給老師。
- not satisfied with…:分詞構句,等於 because she was not satisfied with…
- revise:「修改」,把寫好的東西再檢查、修正
- turn in:「繳交」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Installed in Detroit in 1920, Potts’ three-color system allowed for the added signal “proceed with caution” to be displayed.Potts 的三色系統於 1920 年裝設在底特律,讓新增的「謹慎前進」信號得以顯示。
- installed in…:分詞構句,交代裝設的時間與地點,不是在說原因
- allow for…:「使…成為可能」
- the added signal:「新增的信號」
- proceed with caution:「小心前進」,proceed 是「繼續前進」
- display:「顯示」
- 114 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Despite his busy schedule, the President graced the school's graduation ceremony with his presence and a heartwarming speech.儘管行程繁忙,總統仍蒞臨該校的畢業典禮,並發表了一場暖心的演說。
- despite:「儘管」,後面接名詞
- heartwarming:「暖心的」,heart + warm + ing
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段For those with unpleasant experiences, trauma may be triggered by the themes and images in the movies, which could make their symptoms worse.對有過不愉快經驗的人來說,電影中的主題與畫面可能觸發創傷,讓症狀更嚴重。
- those with…:「有…的人」
- trauma:「創傷」,身心受到的傷害
- trigger:「觸發」,名詞是槍的「扳機」,扣扳機就引發
- which:指前面整件事
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段A typical room of a capsule hotel is roughly the length and width of a single bed, with sufficient height for a guest to crawl in and sit up on the bed.膠囊旅館的典型房間,長寬大致等於一張單人床,高度足以讓客人爬進去、在床上坐起來。
- roughly:「大致上」
- the length and width of…:「…的長與寬」
- with + 名詞:「具備…」
- sufficient:「足夠的」,一般說 enough
- sit up:「坐起來」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In addition, studies show that the thrill and excitement linked with scary films can be therapeutic: It allows viewers to release bottled-up emotions and experience a sense of relief after the movie is over.此外,研究顯示,恐怖片帶來的刺激與興奮可能具有療癒效果:讓觀眾釋放壓抑的情緒,並在電影結束後感到如釋重負。
- linked with…:「與…相關的」
- thrill:「刺激感」
- therapeutic:「有療效的」,therapy 是「治療」
- bottled-up:「悶在心裡的」,像情緒被塞進瓶子裡
- a sense of relief:「如釋重負的感覺」,relief 是「鬆一口氣」
- 113 學測|混合題(選項)They share information with their group members.牠們和同伴分享資訊。
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Moran came to the United States at age 7 with his family and settled in Philadelphia.Moran 七歲時隨家人來到美國,定居在費城。
- at age 7:「在 7 歲時」
- settle in…:「定居在…」
- Philadelphia:「費城」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段One fine morning in 1941, Swiss engineer George de Mestral went for a walk in the woods with his dog.1941 年某個天氣晴朗的早晨,瑞士工程師 George de Mestral 帶著狗到樹林裡散步。
- one fine morning:「某個晴朗的早晨」,講故事常用
- Swiss:「瑞士的」
- go for a walk:「去散步」
- the woods:「樹林」,常用複數
- 背景:George de Mestral(1907–1990)是瑞士工程師,魔鬼氈(Velcro)的發明者。
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Reducing waste of fish catch has become a serious issue today, when many countries are faced with food crises.如今許多國家面臨糧食危機,減少漁獲浪費已成為嚴重的議題。
- reducing waste:以 V-ing 開頭的一段話當主詞,指「減少浪費」這件事
- fish catch:「漁獲」
- when:指 today
- be faced with…:「面臨…」
- crisis:「危機」,複數是 crises
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段In 1871 Moran joined the first US government survey of the Yellowstone region with photographer William Henry Jackson.1871 年,Moran 與攝影師 William Henry Jackson 一起加入美國政府首次的黃石地區勘查。
- survey:這裡是名詞,「勘查 / 調查」
- with photographer William Henry Jackson:with 這裡是「和…一起」
- 背景:William Henry Jackson(1843–1942)是美國攝影師,他拍的黃石照片同樣促成了國家公園的設立。
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段With the data they collect, mystery shoppers can identify areas for improvement and thereby help enhance the quality of products and services.憑藉蒐集到的資料,神祕客能找出需要改善的地方,藉此幫助提升商品與服務的品質。
- identify:「找出 / 辨認」
- areas for improvement:「可改進的地方」
- thereby:「藉此」,there + by,意思是「靠那個方式」
- enhance:「提升」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段Before Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place with hot water and steam coming out of hellish holes in the ground.在 Moran 到來之前,大眾想像中的黃石,是一個嚴酷荒蠻的地方,熱水和蒸氣從地面上如地獄般的洞裡冒出來。
- in the popular imagination:「在大眾的想像中」
- harsh:「嚴酷的」
- with + 受詞 + V-ing:with hot water and steam coming out…,「熱水和蒸氣正冒出來」
- hellish:「地獄般的」,hell 是「地獄」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段In the early 1960s, the product received a huge boost in popularity when NASA began using it in a lot of equipment that went into space along with astronauts.1960 年代初,NASA 開始把它用在許多隨太空人上太空的設備上,這項產品的人氣因此大幅提升。
- boost:「推升」,a huge boost in popularity 是「人氣大增」
- go into space:「進入太空」
- along with…:「與…一起」
- 背景:NASA 是美國國家航空暨太空總署。
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段He determined that if he could recreate the same thing, making hooks-and-loops that bind to each other firmly, he could produce a strong fastener with many uses.他斷定,如果能重現同樣的東西,做出彼此緊緊相扣的鉤與環,就能做出用途很多的強力扣件。
- determine:這裡是「斷定」
- recreate:「重新製造」,re-(再)+ create
- bind to…:「與…緊密結合」
- fastener:「扣件」,fasten 是「扣緊」
- with many uses:「有很多用途的」
- 113 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Hence, the wind phone allows Sasaki to create a one-way conversation with deep, soulful personal meaning, and renders the grieving process more manageable for him.因此,風之電話讓 Sasaki 能創造一場單向的對話,帶有深刻、發自內心的個人意義,也讓他的哀悼過程更容易承受。
- hence:「因此」,書面用字,一般說 so
- allow someone to V:「讓某人能…」
- soulful:「發自內心深處的」,soul + ful
- render:這裡是「使…變得」,render + 受詞 + 形容詞,等於 make
- manageable:「可應付的」,manage + able
- 113 學測|混合題|第 1 段Over the years, people have been curious about the way they deal with disturbances arising from the environment, and the operations underlying their responses as a group.多年來,人們一直很好奇,牠們如何應付來自環境的干擾,以及牠們作為一個群體做出反應時背後的運作方式。
- over the years:「多年來」
- be curious about…:「對…好奇」
- disturbance:「干擾」
- arising from…:「由…產生的」
- the way (that) they deal with…:「牠們處理…的方式」
- underlying:「背後的」,under + lie(躺),躺在下面看不到
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段By sharing knowledge and information, the different sectors are able to come up with improved processing and handling, through which creation of various innovative products was made possible.透過分享知識與資訊,不同的領域想出了改良後的加工與處理方式,讓各種創新產品得以誕生。
- come up with…:「想出…」
- processing and handling:「加工與處理」
- through which…:which 指 improved processing and handling
- make… possible:「使…成為可能」
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段By 1955, he had completed an improved version of the product, with each square inch of material containing 300 hooks, which made it stay fastened and yet easy enough to pull apart when needed.到 1955 年,他完成了這項產品的改良版,每平方英寸的材料含有 300 個鉤子,既能維持扣緊,需要時又很容易拉開。
- by 1955, he had completed…:過去完成式,「到 1955 年時已經完成」
- with each square inch of material containing 300 hooks:with + 受詞 + V-ing,「每平方英寸…含有…」
- which:指前面整件事
- stay fastened:「維持扣緊」
- and yet:「卻又」,強調對比
- pull apart:「拉開」
- when needed:省略 it is
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Is it possible for elephants to coexist with the prosperous tea business?大象有可能與繁榮的茶產業共存嗎?
- coexist with…:「與…共存」,co-(一起)+ exist
- is it possible for A to V:「A 有可能…嗎」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段People with synesthesia used to be accused of making their experiences up.以前,有共感覺的人常被指責是在編造自己的經驗。
- used to V:「以前…」
- be accused of V-ing:「被指控…」
- make up:「編造」,名詞受詞可以放中間(make their experiences up);代名詞受詞一定要放中間(make them up)
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段As early as 1000 BC, Egyptian children played with hoop toys of dried grapevine.早在西元前 1000 年,埃及兒童就玩著乾葡萄藤做的圈圈玩具。
- as early as…:「早在…」
- 1000 BC:「西元前 1000 年」
- hoop toys of dried grapevine:of 表示材料,「用乾葡萄藤做的」
- grapevine:「葡萄藤」,grape + vine
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段In forested areas with thick tree crowns, there is intense struggle for these resources.在樹冠濃密的林區,對這些資源的爭奪非常激烈。
- thick tree crowns:「濃密的樹冠」
- forested areas:「森林覆蓋的地區」
- intense:「激烈的」
- struggle for…:「爭奪…」,struggle 本義是「掙扎」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段Also, people with color-music synesthesia more often than not have had early musical training.另外,有「顏色—音樂」共感覺的人,多半受過早期音樂訓練。
- more often than not:「多半、常常」
- have had:現在完成式,「曾經有過」
- musical training:「音樂訓練」
- 112 學測|混合題|第 1 段They are heavily processed with more calories and sodium than meat and are more expensive too!它們經過大量加工,熱量和鈉比肉還多,而且也更貴!
- heavily processed:「大量加工的」
- sodium:「鈉」,鹽裡的成分
- more…than meat:「比肉更多」
- too:這裡是「也」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Replacing lost fluid with just plain water means the body has too much water and not enough salt.只用白開水補充流失的水分,表示身體的水太多、鹽太少。
- replace A with B:「用 B 補充 A」
- replacing… means…:動名詞當主詞
- not enough salt:「鹽不夠」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段With very rapid movements, they used the hoops to construct the symbolic forms around their bodies.他們以非常快的動作,用圈圈在身體周圍組成象徵性的形狀。
- construct:「建構」
- symbolic forms:「象徵性的形狀」
- around their bodies:「在身體周圍」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段In some cases, people with synesthesia may experience colors when they hear, read, or even think of letters and numbers.在某些情況下,有共感覺的人聽到、讀到,甚至想到字母和數字時,會體驗到顏色。
- in some cases:「在某些情況下」
- experience:這裡當動詞,「體驗」
- when they hear, read, or even think of…:三個動詞並列
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 5 段As is often observed, most of us tend to associate lower notes with darker colors and higher notes with brighter colors.正如常被觀察到的,我們大多數人傾向把低音和較暗的顏色聯想在一起,把高音和較亮的顏色聯想在一起。
- as is often observed:「如同常被觀察到的」
- tend to V:「傾向…」
- associate A with B:「把 A 和 B 聯想在一起」
- lower notes:「低音」
- 112 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›As a record number of fans showed up for the baseball final, the highways around the stadium were choked with traffic all day.由於棒球決賽湧入創紀錄的球迷人數,球場周圍的公路整天都被車流塞住。
- a record number of…:「創紀錄數量的…」
- show up:「出現」
- all day:「一整天」
- 112 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Corrupt officials and misguided policies have crippled the country's economy and burdened its people with enormous foreign debts.貪腐的官員與錯誤的政策重創了這個國家的經濟,讓人民背上龐大的外債。
- corrupt:「貪腐的」
- misguided:「被誤導的」,形容 policies 時指「錯誤的」
- burden A with B:「讓 A 背負 B」,burden 名詞是「重擔」
- foreign debt:「外債」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段However, with the absence of gravity in the outer space, our body fluids redistribute, shifting toward the upper body and the head.然而,在外太空沒有重力的情況下,體液會重新分布,往上半身和頭部移動。
- absence:「缺少」,absent 是「缺席的」
- outer space:「外太空」
- redistribute:「重新分布」,re-(再)+ distribute(分配)
- shifting toward…:分詞構句,「往…移動」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段For example, the flavors people with taste-word synesthesia experience are usually childhood flavors, such as chocolate or strawberries.例如,有「味覺—文字」共感覺的人所體驗到的味道,通常是童年的味道,像巧克力或草莓。
- taste-word synesthesia:「味覺 - 文字共感覺」
- the flavors (that) people… experience:省略關係代名詞
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The paths of various religions also crossed here: Muslims have lived peacefully with Christians and Buddhists on the islands for centuries.不同宗教的路線也在這裡交會:穆斯林與基督徒、佛教徒在這些島上和平共處了幾個世紀。
- path:這裡是「路線」
- cross:「交會」;冒號後面是舉例說明
- Muslim:「穆斯林」
- Christian:「基督徒」
- Buddhist:「佛教徒」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Obviously, a physically active person with an outdoor job under the sun will need to drink more fluid than a desk-bound person who lives and works in an air-conditioned place.顯然,在太陽下做戶外工作、活動量大的人,比住在、工作在冷氣房裡的久坐者,需要喝更多水分。
- physically active:「身體活動量大的」
- desk-bound:「被綁在書桌前的」,就是久坐辦公的
- fluid:這裡是「水分 / 飲用的液體」
- 112 學測|混合題|第 1 段That being said, I’m definitely a carnivore and prefer meat, but I don’t see anything wrong with choosing one of the fakey-fakey meaty things once in a while—just for a change.話雖如此,我絕對是肉食者,偏好肉,但偶爾為了換換口味,選一個假得很假的肉類產品,我不覺得有什麼不對。
- that being said:「話雖如此」
- carnivore:「肉食者」,吃肉的人或動物
- fakey-fakey:口語,「很假的」
- once in a while:「偶爾」
- for a change:「為了換換口味」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段At the close of the 15th century, Europeans’ craze for spices gave rise to the Spice Route, a network of sea lanes joining Europe with the Far East, where most spices came from.15 世紀末,歐洲人對香料的狂熱催生了「香料之路」,那是連結歐洲與遠東的海上航道網絡,大部分香料都來自遠東。
- at the close of…:「在…的末期」
- craze for…:「對…的狂熱」
- give rise to…:「引起、催生」
- sea lane:「海上航道」
- join A with B:「連結 A 與 B」
- the Far East:「遠東」;where 引導的子句說明 Far East
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Furthermore, elephants are known to resist leaving their sick or dying behind, and a herd may linger at a trench with a trapped baby for hours, reluctant to move on until all hope is lost.此外,大象向來不願丟下生病或垂死的同伴,象群可能在溝邊守著被困的小象好幾個小時,不願離開,直到完全絕望。
- be known to V:「向來會…」
- resist V-ing:這裡是「抗拒、不願意」
- leave someone behind:「把某人丟下」
- the sick or dying:the + 形容詞,指「生病的和垂死的(那些)」
- herd:「象群」
- reluctant to V:「不情願…」
- move on:「繼續前進」
- all hope is lost:「希望全失」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段The unique cultural intersections, scented with the aroma of cloves, vanilla, and cinnamon floating in the air, give these jewels on the Indian Ocean an amazing charm that goes far beyond tropical beach fun.獨特的文化交會,加上空氣中飄著丁香、香草與肉桂的香氣,讓印度洋上的這些珠寶般的島嶼,擁有遠遠超出熱帶海灘歡樂的驚人魅力。
- intersection:「交叉點、交會」
- scented with…:「帶著…的香氣」,scent 是「香味」
- jewel:「珠寶」,這裡比喻美麗的島
- go far beyond…:「遠遠超過…」
- 111 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Tagging the photos with dates and keywords help you sort them easily in your file.用日期和關鍵字替照片加標籤,能幫你在檔案裡輕鬆分類。
- 111 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Performers usually play on a tall stage with lanterns and banners strung all around.表演者通常在高台上演奏,四周掛滿燈籠和旗幟。
- perform:「表演」
- tall stage:「高台」
- with lanterns and banners strung all around:with + 受詞 + 過去分詞,「四周掛著燈籠和旗幟」
- banner:「旗幟」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Before the war, workers used to smear their hats with coal tar for protection of their head.戰前,工人習慣把帽子塗上煤焦油來保護頭部。
- used to V:「過去習慣…」
- smear A with B:「把 B 塗抹在 A 上」
- coal tar:「煤焦油」
- protection of their head:「頭部的保護」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Moreover, 84 percent of human genes associated with disease find a counterpart in zebrafish.此外,84% 與疾病相關的人類基因,在斑馬魚身上都找得到對應的基因。
- associated with…:「與…相關的」
- find a counterpart in…:「在…找到對應物」
- 111 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Obon concludes with another bonfire, okuribi, lighting up the sky to see the ancestors' spirits off.盂蘭盆節以另一堆營火「送火」(okuribi)作結,火光照亮天空,送祖先的靈魂離開。
- okuribi:日文「送火」
- lighting up the sky:分詞構句,「照亮天空」
- see someone off:「送某人離開」
- spirit:「靈魂」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Natural materials such as clay, shells, and ivory were used before trading with the Europeans in the 19th century.在 19 世紀與歐洲人通商之前,使用的是黏土、貝殼和象牙等天然材料。
- natural materials:「天然材料」
- before trading with…:before + V-ing,「在與…交易之前」
- 111 學測|篇章結構|第 1 段During this period, many people travel back to their hometowns and spend time with loved ones, both past and present.這段期間,許多人返回家鄉,與摯愛共度時光,包括已逝的與在世的親人。
- period:「期間」
- loved ones:「摯愛的人」
- both past and present:「過去的與現在的」,指已逝與在世的親人
- 111 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›With pink cherry blossoms blooming everywhere, the valley blushes like a young bride under the bright spring sunshine.粉紅色的櫻花到處盛開,山谷在明亮的春日陽光下,像年輕新娘一樣泛紅。
- with + 受詞 + V-ing:「在…的情況下」
- cherry blossom:「櫻花」
- bloom:「開花」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Up until recently, the only way for a Maasai boy to achieve warrior status was to single-handedly kill a lion with his spear.直到不久前,馬賽男孩要取得戰士身分,唯一的方法是單憑一把矛獨自殺死一頭獅子。
- up until recently:「直到最近」
- achieve warrior status:「取得戰士身分」
- single-handedly:「單獨一人地」,single + hand
- 111 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›An agreeable person is usually pleasant and easy to get along with, but don't expect that he or she will always say "yes" to everything.隨和的人通常令人愉快又好相處,但不要期待他總是對所有事都說「好」。
- get along with…:「和…相處」
- don't expect that…:「不要期待…」
- 111 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Such demand increased with the rise of western movies, and many cowboys with masterful skills on horseback found a new career as a stunt person.隨著西部片興起,這種需求增加,許多騎術高超的牛仔找到了特技演員這個新職業。
- the rise of…:「…的興起」
- western movies:「西部片」
- masterful skills on horseback:「高超的騎馬技術」,on horseback 是「騎在馬背上」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Standing proud in the savannah with their red blankets and painted shields, the Maasai people are one of the widely known symbols of East Africa.馬賽人穿著紅色毯子、拿著彩繪盾牌,驕傲地站在莽原上,是東非廣為人知的象徵之一。
- standing proud:分詞構句,「驕傲地站著」
- savannah:「莽原、熱帶草原」
- painted shields:「彩繪盾牌」
- one of the widely known symbols:「廣為人知的象徵之一」
- 背景:馬賽人(Maasai)是居住在肯亞與坦尚尼亞的半遊牧民族。
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The Hard Boiled Hat was thus born, using steamed canvas and leather, covered with black paint, and featuring a suspension system to reduce impact.「硬煮帽」(Hard Boiled Hat)就這樣誕生了,用蒸過的帆布和皮革製成,塗上黑漆,並有緩衝衝擊的懸吊系統。
- hard boiled:「煮硬的」,帽子用蒸過的帆布製作、變硬,所以叫這個名字
- steamed canvas:「蒸過的帆布」
- feature:這裡是動詞,「以…為特色」
- suspension system:「懸吊系統」
- 111 學測|混合題|第 3 段Yusra dove into the cold water, and—with the help of her sister and two men—swam and pushed the boat for over three hours to reach the Greek island of Lesbos.Yusra 跳進冰冷的海水,在姊妹和兩名男子的協助下,游泳並推船超過三小時,抵達希臘的 Lesbos 島。
- dive into…:「跳進…」,dove 是 dive 的過去式
- with the help of…:「在…的協助下」
- push:「推」
- for over three hours:「超過三小時」
- Lesbos:「萊斯博斯島」
- 111 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段Celebration often begins with mukaebi (welcoming fire), during which people make a small bonfire in front of their house to guide spirits upon their return back home.慶祝活動通常從迎火(mukaebi)開始,人們在家門前點一小堆營火,引導靈魂回家。
- mukaebi:日文「迎火」
- during which:「在這期間」
- upon their return:「一回來時」
- 111 學測|文意選填|第 1 段In this line of work, the person is paid to do daring actions that are deemed too risky for the regular actor to perform, including jumping from heights, crashing cars, or fighting with weapons.在這個行業,他們領錢去做被認為對一般演員太冒險的大膽動作,包括從高處跳下、撞車或持武器打鬥。
- line of work:「行業」
- be deemed too risky for…:「被認為對…太冒險」,deem 是 consider 的正式說法
- regular actor:「一般演員」
- jumping from heights:「從高處跳下」
- fighting with weapons:「持武器打鬥」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The glass hemispheres were color coded with paint to identify the notes.玻璃半球用顏料標上顏色,以辨識各個音。
- color coded:「用顏色編碼的」
- identify:「辨識」
- note:這裡是樂器發出的「音」,不是樂譜上的「音符」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Now scientists have come up with a new use for the bright green plant: producing renewable energy.現在科學家為這種亮綠色的植物想出了新用途:生產再生能源。
- come up with…:「想出…」
- renewable energy:「再生能源」
- 110 學測|文意選填|第 3 段So, no matter how busy you are, try to make time for exercise every day, like a 15-minute walk with your dog.所以,不管你多忙,都要試著每天抽出時間運動,像是和你的狗散步 15 分鐘。
- no matter how busy you are:「不管你多忙」
- make time for…:「抽出時間做…」
- a 15-minute walk:「15 分鐘的散步」,15-minute 當形容詞時 minute 不加 s
- 110 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›To encourage classroom interaction, the teacher divided the class into groups and asked them to solve a problem together with their partners.為了促進課堂互動,老師把班上分成幾組,請他們和夥伴一起解決一個問題。
- divide A into B:「把 A 分成 B」
- partner:「夥伴」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段He linked all of this to a device shaped like a spinning wheel, with a foot control that turned the rod, making the glass hemispheres rotate.他把這一切連接到一個形狀像紡車的裝置上,用腳控制器轉動鐵棒,使玻璃半球旋轉。
- link A to B:「把 A 連接到 B」
- spinning wheel:「紡車」
- foot control:「腳控制器」
- making…rotate:分詞構句,make + 受詞 + 原形動詞
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段He had a glassmaker create thirty-seven hemispheres made of glass, with each being a different size and thickness to produce different pitches.他請玻璃工匠製作了三十七個玻璃半球,每個大小和厚度不同,以產生不同音高。
- have someone V:「請某人做…」
- hemisphere:「半球」,北半球就是 the Northern Hemisphere
- with each being…:with + 受詞 + 分詞,補充說明各半球的狀態,「每一個都…」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段King Henry V of England is credited with having invented the first true passport, as a way of helping his subjects prove who they were in foreign lands.英格蘭國王亨利五世被認為發明了第一本真正的護照,作為幫助子民在外國證明身分的方法。
- be credited with…:「被認為有…的功勞」
- prove who they were:「證明自己是誰」
- 背景:亨利五世(Henry V)是 15 世紀初的英格蘭國王。
- 110 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Many great forms of exercise—like walking, swimming, or gentle stretching—get results without the soreness or discomfort some people associate with exercise.許多很棒的運動,像是走路、游泳或溫和的伸展,都能帶來成效,又不會有某些人覺得運動就會有的痠痛或不適。
- form of exercise:「運動形式」
- gentle stretching:「溫和的伸展」
- get results:「得到成效」
- soreness:「痠痛」
- associate A with B:「把 A 和 B 聯想在一起」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The cactus’s thick outer layer (i.e., husk), with all those spines, had always been viewed as a waste product until researchers developed a biogas generator to turn the husks into electricity.仙人掌厚厚的外層(也就是外殼)布滿了刺,一直被視為廢棄物,直到研究人員開發出沼氣發電機,把外殼變成電力。
- outer layer:「外層」
- i.e.:「也就是」
- waste product:「廢棄物」
- biogas:「沼氣」,bio-(生物)+ gas
- turn A into B:「把 A 變成 B」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Admission for guests with special needs is free, and fees for the general public are set at a much discounted price so that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment.有特殊需求的賓客免費入場,一般大眾的費用也訂在大幅折扣的價格,讓各年齡與能力的人都能聚在一起,在有趣又安全的環境中玩樂。
- admission:「入場費」
- special needs:「特殊需求」
- be set at…:「被訂在…」
- so that…:「以便…」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段A marine pilot is a boat pilot with specialized knowledge of a particular port or harbor.引水人是對特定港口擁有專門知識的船舶駕駛。
- specialized knowledge:「專門知識」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段They have remained popular due to their convenience, and are often worn with bathing suits or summer clothing.它們因為方便而持續受歡迎,常搭配泳衣或夏季服裝穿。
- remain:「保持」
- due to…:「由於…」
- bathing suit:「泳衣」
- 109 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Though often associated with beauty, most dimples are actually a genetic flaw caused by shortened facial muscles.雖然常讓人聯想到美麗,大多數酒窩其實是由臉部肌肉縮短造成的遺傳缺陷。
- though often associated with…:省略 they are
- genetic flaw:「遺傳缺陷」
- shortened facial muscles:「縮短的臉部肌肉」
- 109 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Jane amazed her teacher by passing the exam with a nearly perfect score; she almost failed the course last semester.Jane 以接近滿分的成績通過考試,讓老師大吃一驚;她上學期差點被當掉。
- by V-ing:「藉由…」
- nearly perfect score:「接近滿分」
- fail the course:「被當掉」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段The sandals have subsequently undergone redesign, often appearing in bright colors in line with Californian beach culture.這種涼鞋後來經過重新設計,常以鮮豔的顏色出現,符合加州的海灘文化。
- undergo:「經歷」
- in line with…:「符合…」,line 是「線」,排在同一條線上,所以是「符合」
- Californian:「加州的」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Probably the most widely used oil in cooking, olive oil is made by crushing olives with stone or steel blades to release the oil.橄欖油可能是烹飪中最廣泛使用的油,製作方式是用石頭或鋼刀壓碎橄欖,釋放出油。
- probably:「可能」
- crush:「壓碎」
- blade:「刀片」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段It must be free from impurity, while exhibiting some fruitiness and creating a pleasant bitter flavor along with a peppery sensation in the mouth.它必須不含雜質,同時展現果香,並在口中帶出愉悅的苦味和辛辣感。
- free from…:「不含…」
- exhibit:「展現」
- peppery:「辛辣的」,pepper 是「胡椒」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段It consists of a piece of rubber, plastic, leather, or woven material in the outline of a foot, with a strap holding the sandal to a wearer’s toes.它是由一片橡膠、塑膠、皮革或編織材料構成,形狀是腳的輪廓,再加上一條帶子把涼鞋固定在穿著者的腳趾上。
- consist of…:「由…組成」
- with a strap holding…:with + 受詞 + 現在分詞
- wearer:「穿著者」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段They found that the sick plants could "sneeze" and shoot out tiny water drops filled with leaf rust germs, spreading the disease to neighboring plants.他們發現,生病的植物會「打噴嚏」,射出裝滿葉鏽病菌的細小水滴,把疾病傳給鄰近的植物。
- shoot out:「射出」
- filled with…:「裝滿…的」
- spreading…:分詞構句,表結果
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Modern flip-flops derive from Japanese zōris, which were often worn with socks dividing the big toe from the rest, and were typically made of rice straw.現代夾腳拖源自日本的草履,常搭配把大拇趾和其他腳趾分開的襪子穿,通常以稻草製成。
- derive from…:「源自…」
- zōri:日文「草履」
- divide A from B:「把 A 和 B 分開」
- the big toe:「大拇趾」
- rice straw:「稻草」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段The ability is unique to those with leaves that are hydrophobic, or repel water—a special feature that forces the liquid to move away when the leaf is exposed to it.只有葉子具疏水性(也就是會排斥水)的植物才有這種能力,這是一種特殊特徵,葉子接觸到水時會迫使液體移開。
- be unique to…:「是…獨有的」
- hydrophobic:「疏水的」,指會排斥水
- repel:「排斥」
- force:「迫使」
- be exposed to…:「接觸到…」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段In a search for other possible transmission routes, researchers at Virginia Tech observed water drops on the leaves of wheat plants that were infected with leaf rust.為了尋找其他可能的傳播途徑,Virginia Tech 的研究人員,觀察了感染葉鏽病的小麥葉片上的水滴。
- in a search for…:「在尋找…的過程中」
- transmission route:「傳播途徑」
- be infected with…:「被…感染」
- leaf rust:「葉鏽病」,rust 本義是「鐵鏽」,病斑像鏽
- 背景:Virginia Tech(維吉尼亞理工大學)是美國維吉尼亞州的大學。
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services suspended or delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2016-17.根據日本國土交通省的資料,2016 至 2017 年間,因撞到鹿和其他野生動物,造成列車停駛或延誤至少 30 分鐘的案例有 613 件。
- transport ministry:「交通部」,日本的交通主管機關是國土交通省
- suspend:「暫停」
- delay:「延誤」
- resulting from…:「由…造成的」
- wild animals:「野生動物」
- 108 學測|文意選填|第 2 段For instance, he was trusted with many secrets in my family and our community.例如,我們家和社區裡的許多祕密,都託付給他。
- for instance:「例如」
- be trusted with…:「被託付…」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段How people cope with their earworms seems to depend on how they feel about them.人們如何應對耳蟲,似乎取決於他們對耳蟲的感受。
- cope with…:「應付…」
- depend on…:「取決於…」
- how they feel about them:「他們對它們的感受」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段Moreover, bugs that do come in contact with the mist may be resistant to the pesticide.此外,真的接觸到噴霧的蟲,可能對殺蟲劑有抗藥性。
- come in contact with…:「與…接觸」
- be resistant to…:「對…有抵抗力」,resist 是「抵抗」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Recent experiments with this device showed that 80% of the participants were fooled by the smell.最近用這個裝置做的實驗顯示,80% 的參與者被氣味騙了。
- be fooled by…:「被…愚弄」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段Second, once a bug bomb is used, every surface in your home will be covered with the toxic pesticide.其次,一旦使用殺蟲彈,家中每個表面都會覆蓋有毒的殺蟲劑。
- second:「其次」
- be covered with…:「被…覆蓋」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Ancient cultures celebrated New Year's Day on or around April 1, which roughly coincides with the beginning of spring.古代文化在 4 月 1 日前後慶祝新年,這大致和春天的開始吻合。
- on or around…:「在…當天或前後」
- roughly:「大致上」
- coincide with…:「與…同時發生、吻合」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Totem poles in North America are poles or posts carved with symbols or figures by Aboriginal peoples of the Northwest Coast.北美的圖騰柱,是西北海岸原住民族用符號或圖像雕刻的柱子。
- totem pole:「圖騰柱」
- carve:「雕刻」
- figure:這裡是「圖像、人像」
- Aboriginal peoples:「原住民族」
- the Northwest Coast:「西北海岸」
- 108 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›It is essential for us to maintain constant contact with our friends to ensure that we have someone to talk to in times of need.我們必須與朋友保持不斷的聯繫,確保需要幫助的時候有人可以談。
- constant:「持續不斷的」
- in times of need:「需要幫助的時候」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段Researchers from a university in Japan have developed "diet-glasses" that play tricks with one's perception of food, which could be helpful to people on a diet.日本一所大學的研究人員開發了「節食眼鏡」,能對人們看待食物的方式耍把戲,可能對節食的人有幫助。
- play tricks with…:「對…耍把戲」
- perception:「感知」,perceive 是「察覺」
- on a diet:「正在節食」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The idea was developed when a Spanish designer travelling to the Philippines observed a traditional Filipino shirt woven together with the fibers of pineapple leaves.這個想法是一位西班牙設計師到菲律賓旅行時,看到一件用鳳梨葉纖維編織的傳統菲律賓襯衫而發展出來的。
- observe:「觀察到」
- Filipino:「菲律賓的」
- woven together with…:「用…編織在一起」
- a Spanish designer travelling to the Philippines:現在分詞,修飾 designer
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Those who have positive feelings about their stuck songs prefer to just “let them be,” while those with negative feelings turn to more behavioral responses, which include coping strategies such as singing, talking, or even praying.對卡在腦中的歌有正面感受的人,偏好「順其自然」,而有負面感受的人,則轉向更多行為上的回應,包括唱歌、說話,甚至祈禱等應對策略。
- let them be:「讓它們去吧」
- turn to…:「轉向…」
- behavioral responses:「行為上的回應」
- coping strategies:「應對策略」
- pray:「祈禱」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段Some—especially the elderly and those with weak immune systems—die.有些人,尤其是老年人和免疫系統較弱的人,會死亡。
- especially the elderly:「尤其是老年人」,the elderly=「老年人」
- immune system:「免疫系統」
- some…die:some 在這裡當主詞,指「有些人」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇Mixing salt with water is not as easy as removing salt from seawater.把鹽和水混合,不像從海水中去除鹽那麼容易。
- mixing…:以 V-ing 開頭的一段話當主詞,指「把鹽和水混合」這件事
- not as easy as…:「不像…那麼容易」
- remove A from B:「從 B 去除 A」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇It comes from direct human contact with birds infected with the virus.它來自人類與感染病毒的鳥類直接接觸。
- direct contact with…:「與…直接接觸」
- infected with…:「被…感染的」
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 4 段He enclosed thank-you notes in the cookies and served them to his guests with tea.他在餅乾裡放了感謝字條,並用來搭配茶招待客人。
- enclose:「附上」,en-(放進)+ close
- thank-you note:「感謝字條」
- serve A to B:「把 A 端給 B」
- with tea:「搭配茶」
- 107 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Peter likes books with wide margins, which provide him with enough space to write notes.Peter 喜歡頁邊空白很寬的書,這樣他有足夠的空間寫筆記。
- which provide him with…:「提供他…」,provide A with B
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Each cookie contained a strip of paper inside with an inspirational Bible quotation on it.每塊餅乾裡面都有一張紙條,上面寫著一句鼓舞人心的聖經引文。
- contain:「包含」
- strip of paper:「一條紙」
- on it:it 指 strip of paper
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段It is your chance to play around with the extraordinary abilities buried in unused parts of your brain.這是讓你發揮大腦未使用部分中埋藏的非凡能力的機會。
- play around with…:「隨意玩玩…」
- extraordinary:「非凡的」,extra(超出)+ ordinary(普通)
- buried:「被埋藏的」,過去分詞修飾 abilities
- your chance to V:「你…的機會」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段West Nile is a tropical disease that begins in birds, which pass it on to mosquitoes that then go on to infect human beings with a bite.West Nile 病是一種熱帶疾病,起源於鳥類,鳥再傳給蚊子,蚊子叮咬後再感染人類。
- pass it on to…:「把它傳給…」
- bite:這裡是名詞「叮咬」
- which pass it on to mosquitoes that then go on to infect…:which 指 birds,that 指 mosquitoes
- go on to V:「接著做…」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段It is a rather threatening lullaby, in which the baby is scolded for disturbing the house god with its crying and warned of terrifying consequences.那是一首相當有威脅性的搖籃曲,裡面寶寶因為哭泣吵到家神而被責罵,並被警告會有可怕的後果。
- threatening:「有威脅性的」
- scold someone for…:「因…責罵某人」
- disturb:「打擾」
- house god:「家神」
- warn of…:「警告有…」
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 2 段According to the legend, notes of secret plans for a revolution to overthrow the Mongols were hidden in mooncakes that would ordinarily have been stuffed with sweet bean paste.根據傳說,推翻蒙古人的革命秘密計畫的字條,被藏在本來會包著甜豆沙的月餅裡。
- according to the legend:「根據傳說」
- would ordinarily have been stuffed with…:「通常會被塞滿…」,would have + p.p. 表示和事實不同,這裡是說這些月餅本來會包豆沙,卻被藏了字條
- bean paste:「豆沙」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇He achieved international fame with his vivid paintings of England.他以描繪英國的生動畫作贏得國際聲譽。
- achieve fame:「獲得名聲」
- 106 學測|文意選填|第 2 段The dead were buried with onions and onion flowers on or around various parts of their bodies.死者下葬時,身體各部位上或周圍放著洋蔥和洋蔥花。
- the dead:「死者」
- be buried with…:「與…一起下葬」
- on or around…:「在…上或周圍」
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段With this special design, the shoes can "grow" up to five sizes and last for at least five years.憑藉這項特殊設計,鞋子最多可調大五個尺碼,並可穿用至少五年。
- with…:「憑藉…」
- up to…:「最多到…」
- size:這裡是「尺碼」
- last:這裡是「持續、耐用」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Dr. Hare, one of the venture’s co-founders, says a dog’s intelligence can’t be described with a single number.這家新創公司的共同創辦人之一 Hare 博士說,狗的智力不能用單一數字來描述。
- venture:這裡是「新創事業」
- co-founder:「共同創辦人」
- intelligence:「智力」
- can't be described with a single number:被動語態,「不能被描述」
- 106 學測|文意選填|第 2 段Mummies have also been found with onions and onion flowers decorating their pelvis, chest, ears, eyes, and feet.也曾發現木乃伊的骨盆、胸、耳朵、眼睛和腳上有洋蔥和洋蔥花作裝飾。
- found with…decorating…:found with A doing,「發現帶著 A 在裝飾」
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›People in this community tend to identify with the group they belong to, and often put group interests before personal ones.這個社區的人傾向認同自己所屬的團體,並常把團體利益放在個人利益之前。
- tend to V:「傾向…」
- belong to…:「屬於…」
- put A before B:「把 A 放在 B 之前」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段In working-class households, it was served with the main meal of the day, eaten when workers returned home after a day’s labor.在勞工階級家庭中,它搭配一天的主餐,在工人做完一天工作回家時食用。
- main meal:「主餐」
- eaten when…:過去分詞,修飾 main meal
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Capoeiristas learned to camouflage the forbidden fights with singing, clapping, and dancing as though it were simply entertainment.Capoeira 練習者學會用唱歌、拍手和跳舞來偽裝這些被禁止的打鬥,彷彿只是娛樂。
- Capoeirista:「Capoeira 練習者」
- as though it were simply entertainment:as though 後面用 were,表示「並非真的」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 4 段Today, tea can be drunk at any time of the day, and accounts for over two-fifths of all beverages consumed in Britain—with the exception of water.如今,一天任何時候都可以喝茶,茶占英國所消費飲料的五分之二以上,水除外。
- account for…:「占…(比例)」
- over two-fifths:「超過五分之二」
- consume:「消費」
- with the exception of…:「除了…之外」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段He then moved to New York City, where he worked as a freelance illustrator with Harper’s Weekly, a popular magazine of the time, and began painting.他接著搬到紐約市,在當時一份熱門雜誌《哈潑週刊》擔任自由插畫家,並開始繪畫。
- of the time:「當時的」
- popular:「熱門的」
- where he worked…and began painting:where 子句的兩個動詞用 and 連接
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Sherlock Holmes, a detective in a popular fiction series, has impressed readers with his amazing powers of observation and his knowledge of trivial facts.夏洛克·福爾摩斯是一系列暢銷小說中的偵探,他驚人的觀察力和對瑣碎事實的知識,讓讀者印象深刻。
- impress someone with…:「用…讓某人印象深刻」
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›With a continuous 3 km stretch of golden sand, the beach attracts artists around the world each summer to create amazing sculptures with its fine soft sand.這片海灘有連綿三公里的金色沙灘,每年夏天吸引世界各地的藝術家,用它細軟的沙子創作驚人的雕塑。
- continuous:「連續的」
- stretch:這裡是名詞,「一段延伸的長度」
- attract A to V:「吸引 A 來…」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段At approximately the same time, the Earl of Sandwich popularized a new way of eating bread—in thin slices, with something (e.g., jam or cucumbers) between them.大約同一時間,三明治伯爵推廣了一種新的吃麵包方式:薄片麵包,中間夾著東西(例如果醬或小黃瓜)。
- at approximately the same time:「大約同一時間」
- Earl:「伯爵」
- popularize:「使普及」
- e.g.:「例如」,拉丁文縮寫
- cucumber:「小黃瓜」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段For example, a Charmer is a dog that trusts you so much that it would prefer to solve problems using information you give it rather than information it can get with its own eyes.例如,Charmer 是非常信任你的狗,牠寧可用你給的資訊來解決問題,也不用自己眼睛看到的資訊。
- so much that…:「如此…以至於…」
- prefer to V rather than…:「寧可…而不是…」
- information you give it / information it can get with its own eyes:省略關係代名詞 that
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段It is believed that the martial art was connected with tribal fighting in Africa, in which people fought body to body, without weapons, in order to acquire a bride or desired woman.據信這種武術與非洲的部落戰鬥有關,那時人們為了得到新娘或心儀的女人,不用武器,身體對身體地打鬥。
- be connected with…:「與…有關」
- in order to V:「為了…」
- acquire:「取得」
- in which:which 指 tribal fighting
- 105 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›The newcomer speaks with a strong Irish accent; he must be from Ireland.這位新來的人說話帶著濃厚的愛爾蘭口音,他一定來自愛爾蘭。
- must be from…:「一定是來自…」,肯定推測
- 105 學測|文意選填|第 2 段In 1977, he bought a piece of rocky wasteland with the vision of growing trees on it.1977 年,他買下一塊多岩石的荒地,想在上面種樹。
- wasteland:「荒地」,waste + land
- with the vision of V-ing:「懷著…的願景」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Today, all countries are involved in, and to varying degrees dependent on, trade with other countries.如今,所有國家都參與與其他國家的貿易,並且在不同程度上依賴它。
- be involved in…:「參與…」
- to varying degrees:「在不同程度上」
- dependent on…:「依賴…」
- all countries are involved in, and…dependent on, trade:兩個形容詞共用 trade 當受詞
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Well-trained examiners can usually detect lying with a high degree of accuracy when they use a polygraph.訓練有素的檢查員使用測謊機時,通常能以很高的準確度偵測到謊言。
- well-trained:「訓練有素的」
- degree of accuracy:「準確程度」
- a high degree of…:「很高程度的…」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段He demanded that his kidnappers play tiring games with him, such as riding Bill as a horse for nine miles.他要求綁匪陪他玩累人的遊戲,例如騎 Bill 當馬騎九英里。
- demand that…:「要求…」,後面用原形動詞(這裡是 play)
- such as…:「例如…」
- riding Bill as a horse:把 Bill 當成馬騎
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Many people found the story of the Kiddie Stool inspiring because it showed that with imagination, anyone can be an inventor.許多人覺得兒童凳的故事很鼓舞人心,因為它顯示只要有想像力,任何人都可以成為發明家。
- find A + 形容詞:「覺得 A…」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段With the crisis now in its fifth year, basic public services, including education, inside Syria have been stretched to breaking point.隨著危機進入第五年,敘利亞境內包括教育在內的基本公共服務,已被拉到瀕臨崩潰的地步。
- with the crisis now in its fifth year:with + 受詞 + 補語,表示伴隨狀況
- public services:「公共服務」
- be stretched to breaking point:像被拉到快斷掉,比喻「負荷到極限」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段A snake’s likelihood to drink also correlated with its body condition, with more withered snakes being more likely to drink, and to drink more.蛇願意喝水的可能性也與牠的身體狀況相關,越乾癟的蛇越可能喝水,喝得也越多。
- correlate with…:「與…相關」
- withered:「乾癟的」,wither 是「枯萎」
- with A being more likely to…:with + 受詞 + 分詞,補充說明
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段As a result, Jeanie was invited to make a number of public appearances with her Kiddie Stool, and was featured on local TV as well as in newspapers.因此,Jeanie 受邀帶著她的兒童凳多次公開露面,並被地方電視和報紙報導。
- as a result:「因此」
- a number of…:「一些…」
- public appearance:「公開露面」
- be featured:「被專題報導」
- A as well as B:「A 和 B」
- 105 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›In line with the worldwide green movement, carmakers have been working hard to make their new models more environmentally friendly to reduce pollution.配合全球的環保運動,汽車製造商一直努力讓新車款更環保,以減少污染。
- in line with…:「與…一致」
- green movement:「環保運動」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段In 2011, a minister, Ryu Matsumoto, was forced to resign after only a week in office, when a bad-tempered encounter with local officials was televised.2011 年,一位部長 Ryu Matsumoto 在上任僅一週後被迫辭職,因為他與地方官員一次火爆的衝突被電視播出。
- be forced to V:「被迫…」
- in office:「在職」
- bad-tempered:「脾氣壞的」
- encounter:這裡是名詞,「衝突、遭遇」
- televise:「電視播送」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 2 段When it rains, a thin layer of fresh water forms on top of the ocean, providing the snakes with a fleeting opportunity to lap up that precious resource.下雨時,海面上會形成一層薄薄的淡水,讓蛇有短暫的機會舔食這項珍貴資源。
- thin layer:「薄層」
- form:這裡是不及物動詞,「形成」
- lap up:「舔食」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段With more than 13 million children already driven from classrooms by conflict, it is no exaggeration to say that the educational prospects of a generation of children are in the balance.已有超過 1,300 萬名兒童因衝突被趕出教室,說一個世代孩子的教育前景岌岌可危,並不誇張。
- with…already driven…:with + 受詞 + p.p.
- no exaggeration to say…:「說…並不誇張」
- in the balance:「懸而未決、岌岌可危」,balance 是「天平」,放在天平上還沒往哪邊倒,所以是「懸而未決」,in balance(沒有 the)則是「平衡、均衡」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段In certain cases, communities have relied on school buildings to function as shelters for the displaced, with up to nine families living in a single classroom in former schools across Iraq.在某些情況下,社區依靠學校建築當作流離失所者的避難所,在伊拉克各地的前學校裡,一間教室多達九戶家庭同住。
- rely on…:「依靠…」
- function as…:「作為…」
- the displaced:「流離失所的人」
- up to…:「多達…」
- former:「以前的」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Surprisingly, the audience listened with full focus and high spirits.令人驚訝的是,觀眾全神貫注,情緒高昂地聆聽。
- with full focus:「全神貫注」
- high spirits:「高昂的情緒」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 3 篇He experimented with different ways and settled on being a naturalist.他嘗試過不同的方式,最後決定當個自然主義者。
- experiment with…:「嘗試…」
- settle on…:「最終決定…」
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段With this feature, it could be stretched and twisted into various clip-like objects.憑這個特性,它可以被拉伸、扭轉成各種像夾子的東西。
- stretch:「拉伸」
- twist:「扭轉」
- clip-like:「像夾子的」
- it could be stretched:it 指 steel wire
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段The name most frequently associated with the paperclip invention is Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor.最常和迴紋針發明一起被提到的名字,是挪威發明家 Johan Vaaler。
- be associated with…:「與…有關聯」,這裡是「和…一起被提到」
- Norwegian:「挪威的」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段The apple is one of the world's most cultivated fruit trees, with over 7,000 different kinds in existence.蘋果是世界上栽培最廣的果樹之一,現存有七千多個品種。
- with over 7,000 different kinds in existence:with + 受詞 + 補語,表示伴隨狀況
- in existence:「現存的」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Now with the children performing the pieces, parents are beginning to ask, ‘Why do we not know how to sing these ballads?’現在孩子們演唱這些曲子,父母開始問:『為什麼我們不會唱這些民謠?』
- now with the children performing…:with + 受詞 + 分詞,表示伴隨狀況
- piece:這裡是「曲子」
- why do we not know how to…:「我們為什麼不知道如何…」
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 3 段Norwegians were prohibited from wearing any symbol of their national unity, such as buttons with the initials of their king.挪威人被禁止佩戴任何象徵國家團結的標誌,例如印有國王姓名首字母的鈕扣。
- be prohibited from V-ing:「被禁止…」
- unity:「團結」,unite 的名詞
- initials:「姓名首字母」,要用複數
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段Mr. Power then spoke with his own primary care doctor, who advised him to find a new specialist to oversee Mrs. Power’s care.Power 先生接著和他自己的家庭醫生談,醫生建議他另找一位專科醫師來監督 Power 太太的照護。
- primary care doctor:「家庭醫生、基層醫師」
- advise someone to V:「建議某人…」
- oversee:「監督」,over + see
- 104 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›John should interact more often with his friends and family after work, instead of staying in his room to play computer games.John 下班後應該更常和朋友與家人互動,而不是待在房間裡玩電腦遊戲。
- instead of…:「而不是…」
- more often:「更常」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段He then wandered around the world with his camera, using a handheld camera to catch images from fleeting moments of everyday life.之後他帶著相機環遊世界,用手持相機捕捉日常生活中轉瞬即逝的畫面。
- wander:「漫遊」
- catch:這裡是「捕捉」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Psychologically, this exercise may increase communication between the body and the mind and enable one to deal with other people more effectively.在心理上,這項運動可能增進身心之間的溝通,並讓人更有效地與他人相處。
- psychologically:「在心理上」
- enable someone to V:「使某人能夠…」
- deal with…:「應付、與…相處」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The feathers of peacocks are considered the most unlucky part of the bird because the eye-shaped markings on them are associated with "evil eyes."孔雀的羽毛被認為是這種鳥最不吉利的部分,因為羽毛上眼睛形狀的斑紋會讓人聯想到「邪眼」。
- unlucky:「不吉利的」
- marking:「斑紋」
- be associated with…:「與…有關聯」,這裡是「讓人聯想到」
- evil eye:「邪眼」,傳說中能帶來厄運的眼神
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段As long as the children are willing to sing, I will always be there for them, singing with them and leading them to experience the meaning of the ballads.”只要孩子願意唱,我就會一直在他們身邊,和他們一起唱,帶領他們體會民謠的意義。」
- as long as…:「只要…」
- be willing to V:「願意…」
- lead someone to V:「帶領某人…」
- the meaning of the ballads:「民謠的意義」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The most familiar aspect of Tai Chi Chuan is the hand form, which is a series of slow-flowing movements with poetic names like "dragons stirring up the wind" and "wave hands like clouds."太極拳最為人熟悉的部分是拳式,它是一連串緩慢流動的動作,名稱富有詩意,例如「龍攪風」和「雲手」。
- hand form:「拳式」
- a series of…:「一連串…」
- slow-flowing:「緩慢流動的」
- stir up:「攪動」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after consulting with other patients in online support groups.經過數年身體上的痛苦,以及醫療費用造成的近乎財務破產,這對夫妻在與網路支持團體中的其他病人諮詢後,開始質疑這些治療。
- near financial ruin:「近乎財務破產」
- question:這裡是動詞,「質疑」
- consult with…:「與…商量」
- support group:「支持團體」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Referring to the relocation of Taiwu Elementary School and Taiwu Village following Typhoon Morakot in August 2009, Camake said, “We could not take the forest or our houses in the mountains with us; but we were able to bring our culture along.談到 2009 年八月莫拉克颱風後泰武國小與泰武村的遷移,Camake 說:「我們沒辦法把森林或山上的房子一起帶走,但我們能把文化帶在身邊。
- referring to…:分詞構句,「提到…」
- relocation:「遷移」
- following:這裡是介系詞,「在…之後」
- take A with us:「把 A 帶走」
- bring…along:「一起帶著」
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
