學測英文-精準背單字

defend / depend / descend 易混淆字

defend 是「保衛」,depend 是「取決於、依靠」,descend 是「下降」。

defend

保衛
防守、保護,不讓人傷害。名詞是 defense。
107 學測|閱讀測驗
The severity of tropical diseases is also a matter of whether governments are capable—and willing—to defend their populations against infections.
熱帶疾病的嚴重程度,也取決於政府是否有能力、並且願意保護人民免於感染。(保護人民不受感染)
  • severity:「嚴重程度」,severe 的名詞
  • a matter of…:「…的問題」
  • capable—and willing—to V:原句搭配不齊,標準用法是 be capable of V-ing 和 be willing to V
  • population:這裡指「人民」
115 學測|閱讀測驗
Throughout the Middle Ages, winding staircases became a well-established feature of European castles, mainly for their advantages in helping to defend against attackers.
整個中世紀期間,蜿蜒的樓梯成為歐洲城堡的固定特色,主要是因為它有助於抵禦攻擊者。(防禦攻擊者)
  • throughout:「整段期間」
  • the Middle Ages:「中世紀」,介於古代和近代之間的「中間」時代,所以叫 Middle
  • well-established:「穩固確立的」

depend

取決於、依靠
一定接 on:看某件事而定。
109 學測|文意選填
It all depends on whether you think it is worth the effort.
這全都取決於你覺得值不值得花這些力氣。(取決於)
  • worth the effort:「值得花力氣」
112 學測|文意選填
Well, it depends on who and where we are, and what we're doing.
嗯,這要看我們是誰、在哪裡,以及在做什麼。(取決於)
  • who and where we are, and what we're doing:三個間接問句,語序都是主詞 + 動詞
115 學測|文意選填
The best nap length, however, may depend on a person's physical condition and fatigue level.
不過,最佳的小睡長度可能要看個人的身體狀況和疲勞程度。(取決於)
  • fatigue:「疲勞」,比 tired 正式
  • physical condition:「身體狀況」

descend

下降
de- 是「向下」,如 decrease「減少」、decline「下降」。反義字是 ascend「上升」。
115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項)
The uneven steps made it easier to ascend than descend the stairs.
不平整的階梯讓上樓比下樓容易。(下樓梯)
  • make it easier to V than V:「讓…比…容易」,it 先代替後面的 to V than V,意思是「做這個比做那個容易」
  • uneven:「不平整的」,un + even
  • ascend:「往上爬」,descend:「往下走」,兩字是反義

怎麼判斷

自我檢測

109 學測|文意選填
1. It all ____ on whether you think it is worth the effort.
107 學測|閱讀測驗
2. The severity of tropical diseases is also a matter of whether governments are capable—and willing—to ____ their populations against infections.
115 學測|閱讀測驗(選項)
3. The uneven steps made it easier to ascend than ____ the stairs.

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