學測考點
however 放句中
S, however, V「然而」
- habitual nappers, however, is found
- the best nap length, however, may depend
- their consensus, however, is that
- for the average person, however, water remains
- in the early 1990s, however, scientists noticed
- the trenches, however, can be death traps
- there were, however, no professional crew members
However, S + V
「然而」:放在句首,後面加逗號,表示轉折
- however, it does not live in the past
- however, there is more to the story
- however, if a predator
; however,
「然而」:前面用分號,連接兩個完整句子;however 後面加逗號(continued over the years; however, the problem remains)
學測原句
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 5 段The movement continued over the years; however, the problem remains.這場運動持續了許多年,但問題依然存在。
- over the years:「多年來」
- remain:「依然存在」
- however:前面用分號隔開,連接兩個完整句子
- 115 學測|混合題|第 2 段However, it does not live in the past.不過,它並沒有停留在過去。
- live in the past:「活在過去」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段However, there is more to the story.然而,事情並不只是如此。
- there is more to the story:「故事沒那麼單純,還有其他面向」
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段The rule of thumb, however, is to see a doctor first and get an accurate diagnosis.不過,大原則是先看醫生,取得準確的診斷。
- rule of thumb:「經驗法則 / 大原則」
- see a doctor:「看醫生」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The trenches, however, can be death traps for the elephants.不過,這些溝對大象來說可能是死亡陷阱。
- death trap:「死亡陷阱」
- 111 學測|文意選填|第 2 段There were, however, no professional crew members to perform impressive stunts at that time.不過,當時沒有專業的工作人員來表演驚人的特技。
- crew member:「工作人員」
- stunt:這裡是名詞,「特技」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段In Barcelona, however, the birds are now threatening to take over the city's historic center, pooping on monuments, buildings, and even tourists.然而在巴塞隆納,這些鳥如今大有占據歷史中心區之勢,在紀念碑、建築物,甚至遊客身上拉屎。
- threaten to V:「威脅要…」,這裡是「眼看就要…、大有…之勢」
- take over:「接管、占領」
- historic center:「歷史中心區」
- poop:口語,這裡當動詞,「拉屎」
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段However, not all plants can sneeze.然而,並非所有植物都會打噴嚏。
- not all…:部分否定,「並非全部都…」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段However, the change is not made at random; it happens for a specific reason.不過,這種轉變不是隨意發生的;它有特定的原因。
- at random:「隨機地」
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 1 段None of them, however, has been proven to be entirely true.然而,沒有一種說法被證明完全屬實。
- none of them:「沒有一個」,後面用單數動詞 has
- be proven to be…:「被證明是…」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段However, drinking tea in social settings outside the workplace was beyond the means of the majority of British people.然而,在工作場所以外的社交場合喝茶,超出大多數英國人的負擔能力。
- social setting:「社交場合」
- beyond the means of…:「超出…的經濟能力」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段However, their plan quickly got out of control.然而,他們的計畫很快就失控了。
- get out of control:「失控」,control 是「控制」
- quickly:「很快地」
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段However, the peacock receives only scorn from the rest of the world.然而,世界其他地方對孔雀只有鄙視。
- receive scorn:「受到鄙視」
- the rest of the world:「世界其他地方」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 3 段The brain size of habitual nappers, however, is found to be better preserved.不過,研究發現有小睡習慣的人,大腦的大小保持得比較好。
- habitual:「習慣性的」,habit 的形容詞
- napper:「小睡的人」
- preserve:「保存」,這裡指大腦「保持得較好」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 4 段The best nap length, however, may depend on a person's physical condition and fatigue level.不過,最佳的小睡長度可能要看個人的身體狀況和疲勞程度。
- depend on:「取決於」
- fatigue:「疲勞」,比 tired 正式
- physical condition:「身體狀況」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段However, researchers also find that horror movies can have negative effects on some people.然而,研究人員也發現,恐怖片可能對某些人造成負面影響。
- have an effect on…:「對…有影響」
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 4 段However, after the devastating fire that damaged the cathedral in 2019, the bells fell silent.然而,2019 年一場毀滅性的大火損毀了大教堂之後,鐘聲就沉寂了。
- devastating:「毀滅性的」,devastate 是「嚴重破壞」
- fall silent:「陷入沉默」,fall + 形容詞表示「變成…的狀態」(像 fall asleep)
- 背景:2019 年 4 月 15 日,巴黎聖母院發生大火,尖塔倒塌、屋頂燒毀,兩座鐘塔保住。
- 113 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Under the guidance of 100% Fish, however, Icelanders are now using almost 95% of a cod.不過在「100% Fish」的引導下,冰島人現在已經利用了鱈魚將近 95% 的部分。
- under the guidance of…:「在…的引導下」
- Icelander:「冰島人」
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段However, they cannot match the personal attention coming from the distinctive tap of a pea shooter.然而,它們比不上豆子吹管那種獨特敲窗聲所帶來的貼心關注。
- match:這裡是「比得上」
- personal attention:「個人化的關注」
- coming from…:分詞,修飾 attention
- tap:「輕敲(聲)」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段However, if a predator (such as a fox) is present, the pattern of their flight will change immediately.然而,一旦有掠食者(例如狐狸)出現,牠們的飛行模式就會立刻改變。
- present:這裡是形容詞,「在場的」,a predator is present 是「掠食者出現」
- 113 學測|混合題|第 3 段However, since these trails can easily be broken by wind or rain, the ants have to find new paths to get around the broken points and reestablish the network.然而,由於這些路徑很容易被風雨破壞,螞蟻必須找出新的路徑繞過斷點,重建網絡。
- get around…:「繞過…」
- broken points:「斷點」
- reestablish:「重建」,re-(再)+ establish
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Their consensus, however, is that unless the injury involves something as serious as a broken bone or a ripped muscle, moderate exercise can actually speed healing.不過他們的共識是:除非傷勢嚴重到像骨折或肌肉撕裂,否則適度運動其實能加速癒合。
- consensus:「共識」,大家意見一致
- involve:「牽涉到」
- ripped:「撕裂的」,rip 是「撕」
- speed:這裡當動詞,「加速」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段In the early 1990s, however, scientists noticed that synesthetic colors do not change over time.不過到了 1990 年代初期,科學家注意到,共感覺的顏色不會隨時間改變。
- in the early 1990s:「1990 年代初期」
- synesthetic:「共感覺的」
- over time:「隨時間」
- 112 學測|文意選填|第 3 段For the average person, however, water remains a very good option for keeping hydrated—if you know how to drink it.不過對一般人來說,只要知道怎麼喝,水仍然是保持水分充足的很好選擇。
- the average person:「一般人」
- keep hydrated:「保持水分充足」,hydrate 是「補水」
- if you know how to drink it:how to V 是「怎麼做…」
- 112 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段However, with the absence of gravity in the outer space, our body fluids redistribute, shifting toward the upper body and the head.然而,在外太空沒有重力的情況下,體液會重新分布,往上半身和頭部移動。
- absence:「缺少」,absent 是「缺席的」
- outer space:「外太空」
- redistribute:「重新分布」,re-(再)+ distribute(分配)
- shifting toward…:分詞構句,「往…移動」
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段The term “hula,” however, did not enter the English language until the 1700s, when British sailors first witnessed hula dancing in the Hawaiian Islands.不過「hula」這個詞,直到 1700 年代英國水手在夏威夷群島第一次目睹呼拉舞時,才進入英語。
- enter the English language:「進入英語」
- witness:「目睹」
- hula dancing:「呼拉舞」
- the Hawaiian Islands:「夏威夷群島」
- not…until:這裡是 did not enter…until,「直到…才」
- 背景:hula 是夏威夷的傳統舞蹈,中文叫呼拉舞。
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段The most compelling support, however, comes from brain scans, which show that color processing areas in the brain light up when these people listen to certain words.不過,最有說服力的證據來自腦部掃描,掃描顯示這些人聽到特定字詞時,大腦處理顏色的區域會亮起來。
- compelling:「有說服力的」
- support:這裡是名詞,「證據 / 支持」
- brain scan:「腦部掃描」
- light up:「亮起來」
- color processing areas:「處理顏色的區域」
- 111 學測|混合題|第 6 段However, each time he lost a competition, his coaches would lock him in a cage for days, feeding him only coffee and bread.然而,每次他輸掉比賽,教練就會把他鎖在籠子裡好幾天,只給他咖啡和麵包吃。
- each time + 子句:「每次…」
- lock someone in a cage:「把某人鎖在籠子裡」
- for days:「好幾天」
- would lock:過去的習慣
- feeding him only…:分詞構句,「只餵他…」
- 111 學測|文意選填|第 4 段However, CGI has difficulties of its own, and there will always be a demand for the realism and thrilling sensation of an actual stunt.然而,CGI 本身也有困難,大家對真實特技的真實感與刺激感,會一直有需求。
- difficulties of its own:「它自己的困難」
- there will always be a demand for…:「永遠會有對…的需求」
- realism:「真實感」
- thrilling sensation:「令人興奮的刺激感」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段A newly published study, however, revealed that rising temperatures are posing an immediate threat to the last tropical glaciers in Indonesia's Papua region.然而,一項新發表的研究揭露,氣溫上升正對印尼 Papua 地區最後的熱帶冰河造成立即的威脅。
- newly published:「新發表的」
- reveal:「揭露」
- rising temperatures:「上升的氣溫」
- pose an immediate threat to…:「對…構成立即的威脅」
- 背景:巴布亞(Papua)位於印尼東部,在新幾內亞島的西半部。
- 109 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Many scientists, however, say there is no evidence that Blue Monday causes any more sadness than other specific days of the year.然而許多科學家表示,沒有證據顯示憂鬱星期一比一年中其他特定日子造成更多悲傷。
- there is no evidence that…:「沒有證據顯示…」
- cause:「造成」
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Recently, however, the International Olive Council (IOC) is seeking input on test methods to improve the transparency of the testing process and boost the accuracy of the results.不過最近,國際橄欖油理事會(IOC)正在徵求對檢驗方法的意見,以提高檢驗過程的透明度,並提升結果的準確度。
- seek input on…:「徵求對…的意見」
- transparency:「透明度」,transparent 是「透明的」
- accuracy:「準確度」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段However, many people, either refusing to accept the new date or not having heard about it, continued to celebrate New Year's Day on April 1.然而,許多人拒絕接受新日期,或沒聽說這件事,繼續在 4 月 1 日慶祝新年。
- either A or B:「不是 A 就是 B」,either refusing…or not having heard…
- refuse to V:「拒絕…」
- continue to V:「繼續…」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段Some see it as a celebration related to the turn of the seasons from winter to spring; others, however, believe that it stems from the adoption of a new calendar.有些人認為這是和季節從冬天轉到春天有關的慶祝活動;然而另一些人相信,它源自新曆法的採用。
- some…others…:「有些…另一些…」
- turn of the seasons:「季節的轉換」
- stem from…:「源自…」,stem 是「莖」,從莖長出來
- calendar:「曆法」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段In lucid dreams, however, we are completely immersed in the dream world.然而在清醒夢裡,我們完全沉浸在夢的世界中。
- be immersed in…:「沉浸在…」,immerse 本義是「浸入水中」;however 放在句中,表示和白日夢對比
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段However, according to a wide array of scientific and sociological research, creativity is less a sign of rare genius than a natural human potential.然而,根據大量的科學與社會學研究,創造力與其說是罕見天才的標誌,不如說是人類天生的潛能。
- less A than B:「與其說是 A,不如說是 B」;a sign of rare genius 是 A,a natural human potential 是 B
- a wide array of…:「大量的…」,array 是「一排、一系列」
- potential:「潛能」
- 107 學測|文意選填|第 4 段However, the more generally accepted story is that the fortune cookie first appeared in either 1907 or 1914 in San Francisco, created by a Japanese immigrant, Makoto Hagiwara.然而,更普遍被接受的說法是,幸運籤餅最早出現在 1907 或 1914 年的舊金山,由日本移民 Makoto Hagiwara 創造。
- the more generally accepted story:「更普遍被接受的說法」
- either…or…:「不是…就是…」
- created by…:過去分詞,修飾 fortune cookie
- Makoto Hagiwara:人名,不用背
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段There is, however, a significant gap between such beliefs and the actual effect of weather on people's performance at work.然而,這類看法與天氣對人們工作表現的實際影響之間,有很大的落差。
- however 放在句中,表示轉折
- there is a gap between A and B:「A 和 B 之間有落差」
- significant:「顯著的」
- 106 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段However, a man known as Mestre Bimba devoted a great deal of time and effort to convincing the Brazilian authorities that Capoeira has great cultural value and should become an official fighting style.然而,一位名叫 Mestre Bimba 的人投入大量時間和心力,說服巴西當局 Capoeira 具有極高的文化價值,應該成為正式的格鬥風格。
- a man known as…:「一位被稱為…的人」
- devote A to B:「把 A 投入 B」
- a great deal of…:「大量的…」
- convince someone that…:「說服某人…」
- authorities:「當局」,複數
- 105 學測|文意選填|第 2 段However, in the third year, several young trees started growing.然而,到了第三年,有幾棵小樹開始生長。
- young trees:「小樹」
- 105 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Occasionally, however, they differ greatly in opinion and have a hard time making decisions.然而,偶爾他們意見差異很大,很難做出決定。
- differ in opinion:「意見不同」
- have a hard time V-ing:「很難…」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段However, because different people behave differently when lying, a polygraph test is by no means perfect.然而,由於不同的人說謊時反應不同,測謊絕非完美。
- because 子句:說明原因
- by no means:「絕不」,means 是「方法」,用任何方法都不可能,所以是「絕不」,這裡後面接 perfect,意思是「絕不完美」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段However, the plastic step-stool she had at home was unstable and cluttered up the small bathroom shared by her whole family.然而,她家的塑膠踏凳不穩,還把全家共用的小浴室弄得雜亂。
- unstable:「不穩的」,un + stable
- clutter up:「把…弄得雜亂」
- shared by her whole family:過去分詞,修飾 bathroom
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 1 段However, the sea snake’s salt glands cannot handle the massive amounts of salt that would enter their bodies if they actually drank seawater.然而,海蛇的鹽腺無法處理牠們若真的喝了海水、會進入體內的大量鹽分。
- would enter:與事實相反的假設,因為牠們其實不喝海水
- 104 學測|文意選填|第 2 段However, Vaaler's clips were not the same as the paperclips currently in use.然而,Vaaler 的夾子與現在使用的迴紋針並不相同。
- be not the same as…:「與…不同」
- currently in use:「目前使用中」
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Winning international fame, however, was neither the original intention nor the main reason why Camake founded the group in 2006.然而,贏得國際名聲,既不是 Camake 2006 年創立這個團體的原本意圖,也不是主要原因。
- winning international fame:以 V-ing 開頭的一段話當主詞,指「贏得國際名聲」這件事
- neither A nor B:「既不是 A 也不是 B」
- found:這裡是動詞,「創立」,founded 是過去式
- 104 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段Despite their great variety, however, most domesticated apples can be traced back to a common ancestor, the wild apple of Central Asia, Malus sieversii.然而,儘管品種繁多,大多數馴化的蘋果都可追溯到同一個祖先:中亞的野蘋果 Malus sieversii。
- despite:「儘管」,後面接名詞
- domesticated:「馴化的、栽培的」
- be traced back to…:「被追溯到…」
- ancestor:「祖先」,c 讀 s
- Malus sieversii:學名,不用背
近義字
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
