學測考點
while 表對比
「而」
- for 20 to 40 minutes, while others point to
- popular in Chicago, while those using the red
- many small private shops, while others have organizations
- let them be, while those with
- the length of the shoe, while the two on
- type A, while his opposition rival
- May 26, while my dad's memory told him
- infancy, while this ability
While 句首表讓步
「雖然」
- while in most cultures smiling is associated with positive emotions
- while the practice continued in some parts of the country
- while many of these poles can still be found
- while earworms might be annoying
- while this oil-absorbing feature might not always be so great
- while international trade has long been conducted in history
while + doing something / 形容詞 / 介系詞片語
「在…的時候」,省略主詞和 be
- while waiting to cross the street
- while surveying a campground
- while living in England
- while visiting Wonder Village
- while trying to navigate forests
- while in a foreign
- while in the middle of a normal
- while awake but a superhero
- while exhibiting some fruitiness
a while
「一段時間」:名詞片語,和連接詞 while 不同(after a while)
學測原句
- 104 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段“You think she’s getting the best care in the world, but after a while you start to wonder: What is the objective?”「你以為她得到世界上最好的照護,但過了一段時間你開始懷疑:目的是什麼?」
- after a while:「過了一陣子」
- wonder:「納悶」
- objective:「目標、目的」,名詞
- 115 學測|混合題(題目)|第 10 段While visiting Wonder Village, the Chen family decide to buy the following items as souvenirs:陳家人造訪 Wonder Village 時,決定買下列物品當紀念品:
- the following:「下列的」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 4 段While offering budget-conscious travelers a unique option, capsule hotels may not be suitable for everyone.膠囊旅館雖然為精打細算的旅客提供了獨特的選擇,卻不一定適合每個人。
- while + V-ing:「雖然…,但是…」,表讓步
- budget-conscious:「很在意預算的」,conscious 是「意識到的」
- not… everyone:「不是每個人都…」,部分否定
- 113 學測|篇章結構|第 1 段While Dr. Weinstein, a surgeon at Dartmouth College, was trying to lift a heavy box, he twisted his back.Dartmouth College 的外科醫師 Weinstein 醫師在試著搬起一個沉重的箱子時,扭傷了背。
- a surgeon at Dartmouth College:同位語,說明 Dr. Weinstein 的身分
- surgeon:「外科醫師」,surgery 是「外科手術」
- twist:「扭到」,本義是「扭轉」
- 背景:達特茅斯學院(Dartmouth College)是美國新罕布夏州的常春藤盟校之一。
- 112 學測|閱讀測驗(選項) 第 2 篇They cannot locate the landmarks while trying to navigate forests.牠們試圖在森林中找路時,找不到地標。
- locate:這裡是「找到位置」
- navigate:「導航、找路」
- while trying to V:「在試圖…時」
- 111 學測|綜合測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段Some have many small private shops, while others have organizations steered by volunteers.有些有許多小型私人店鋪,有些則由志工領導的組織經營。
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- some…others…:「有些…有些…」
- steer:本義是「掌舵、駕駛」,organizations steered by volunteers=「由志工掌舵的組織」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段In 1761, while living in England, Franklin heard a performer playing musical glasses.1761 年,富蘭克林住在英國時,聽到一位表演者在演奏音樂玻璃杯。
- while living in England:省略 he was
- musical glasses:「音樂玻璃杯」,用手指摩擦杯緣發出聲音的樂器
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 2 段In the Greek version, the toe strap ran between the first and second toes, while Roman sandals had the strap between the second and third toes.在希臘的版本中,趾帶穿在第一和第二趾之間,羅馬涼鞋的帶子則在第二和第三趾之間。
- toe strap:「趾帶」
- run between…:「穿過…之間」
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- 108 學測|文意選填|第 1 段She said they were married on May 26, while my dad's memory told him it was June 25.她說他們是在 5 月 26 日結婚的,而我爸的記憶告訴他是 6 月 25 日。
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- my dad's memory told him…:「我爸的記憶告訴他…」,擬人的說法
- 107 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Becky twisted her ankle while she was playing tennis last week.Becky 上星期打網球時扭傷了腳踝。
- 這句和下一句是同一題,空格在這句(答案 twisted)
- 106 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段The straps on the heel and toe control the length of the shoe, while the two on either side allow for different widths.腳跟和腳趾的帶子控制鞋子的長度,兩側的兩條帶子則讓寬度可以不同。
- while:這裡是「而」,表示對比
- on either side:「在兩側」
- allow for…:「容許…」
- width:「寬度」,wide 的名詞
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段They found that during the dry season about half of the snakes accepted fresh water offered to them, while nearly none did during the wet season.他們發現,在乾季,約有一半的蛇接受提供給牠們的淡水,而在雨季幾乎沒有蛇接受。
- accept:「接受」
- offered to them:過去分詞,修飾 fresh water
- while:這裡是「而」,表示對比
- nearly none:「幾乎沒有」
- wet season:「雨季」
- 115 學測|文意選填|第 4 段Some studies recommend napping for 20 to 40 minutes, while others point to shorter naps, such as 15 to 20 minutes.有些研究建議小睡 20 到 40 分鐘,另一些則主張更短的小睡,例如 15 到 20 分鐘。
- some…, while others…:「有些…,另有些…」
- recommend + V-ing:「建議做…」
- point to:「指向」,這裡是「主張」
- 115 學測|篇章結構|第 2 段While in most cultures smiling is associated with positive emotions, in certain cultures the same person can be judged as less intelligent when smiling.雖然在多數文化裡微笑讓人聯想到正面情緒,但在某些文化中,同一個人微笑時反而會被認為比較不聰明。
- while…:「雖然」,帶出對比
- be associated with…:「與…聯想在一起」
- be judged as…:「被評為…」
- 115 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The defenders, living in the castles, were familiar with the stair pattern and could retreat up them very swiftly; while the attackers were much more likely to stumble and fall, particularly in the dimly lit confines of the staircase.住在城堡裡的守軍熟悉階梯的規律,可以很快往上撤退;攻擊者則更容易絆倒跌落,尤其是在樓梯間光線昏暗的狹窄空間裡。
- defender:「守軍」,defend + -er
- swiftly:「迅速地」,比 quickly 書面
- dimly lit:「光線昏暗的」,lit 是 light 的過去分詞
- confines:「狹窄的空間」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 1 段While waiting to cross the street at busy intersections, have you ever wondered who invented the traffic light?在繁忙的路口等著過馬路時,你是否曾好奇過紅綠燈是誰發明的?
- while waiting…:while + V-ing,「在…的時候」
- intersection:「十字路口」,intersect 是「交叉」,道路交叉的地方
- wonder who…:「好奇是誰…」,wonder 後面接疑問詞子句
- invent:「發明」
- traffic light:「紅綠燈」
- 114 學測|文意選填|第 2 段It is the only one of the whole group that survived the French Revolution, while the rest were melted down for weapons.它是整組鐘裡唯一撐過法國大革命的,其餘的鐘都被熔掉去製造武器。
- the only one of… that survived:「…當中唯一撐過…的」
- survive:「撐過、倖存」,活過了那場災難
- the rest:「其餘的」
- melt down:「熔化」
- while:這裡表對比,「而」
- 背景:法國大革命(French Revolution)始於 1789 年;革命期間許多教堂的鐘被收走熔掉,金屬拿去鑄造武器。
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段Systems using movable arms were popular in Chicago, while those using the red and green lights were adopted in San Francisco.芝加哥流行使用活動臂的系統,而舊金山採用的則是紅綠燈號誌。
- while:這裡表對比,「而」
- those:指 systems;using… 分詞修飾 systems
- adopt:「採用」
- 114 學測|混合題|第 1 段While early zoos put emphasis on displaying as many unusual creatures as possible, most modern zoos now focus on conservation and education.早期的動物園著重展示盡可能多的奇特生物,現代多數動物園則把重點放在保育與教育。
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- put emphasis on…:「強調 / 著重…」
- as many… as possible:「盡可能多的…」
- focus on…:「專注於…」
- conservation:「保育」,conserve 是「保存」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Intersections will operate in a way that cars automatically adjust their speed to cross through, while maintaining safe distances from other vehicles.路口將以這樣的方式運作:車輛自動調整速度通過,同時與其他車輛保持安全距離。
- in a way that…:「以…的方式」
- cross through:「穿越」
- maintain:「維持」,保持原狀不讓它變
- maintain a distance from…:「與…保持距離」
- while maintaining…:「同時保持…」
- 114 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Some documents noted that Russians “indulge in excessive drinking whenever the occasion arises,” while others claimed that Russians “rarely drink wine.”有些文獻記載俄羅斯人「一有機會就縱酒無度」,另一些則聲稱俄羅斯人「很少喝葡萄酒」。
- note that…:「記載 / 指出…」
- indulge in…:「沉溺於…」
- whenever the occasion arises:「每當有機會出現」
- while others…:「而另一些…」,while 表對比
- claim:「聲稱」
- 114 學測|篇章結構|第 3 段Guests may enjoy facilities such as free Wi-Fi, mobile charging, and even a soundless alarm system that raises the sleeping guests into a seated position while gradually brightening the lights.客人可以享用免費 Wi-Fi、行動裝置充電,甚至還有無聲鬧鐘系統,會在燈光漸漸變亮的同時,把熟睡的客人升到坐姿。
- facilities:「設施」,這裡用複數
- soundless:「無聲的」,sound + less(沒有)
- raise A into B:「把 A 抬到 B」,raise 是及物動詞,後面要接受詞
- seated position:「坐姿」
- brighten:「變亮」,bright + en(使…)
- 113 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段While the practice continued in some parts of the country until the 1970s, it declined as alarm clocks became more widespread and affordable.雖然這種做法在國內某些地方一直延續到 1970 年代,但隨著鬧鐘越來越普及、越來越買得起,它就逐漸衰退了。
- while:這裡表讓步,「雖然」
- practice:這裡是「做法 / 習慣」
- decline:「衰退」
- widespread:「普及的」,wide + spread
- 113 學測|混合題|第 2 段By doing so, the flock members are able to keep a safe distance between themselves, and thus avoid crashing into each other while they flee from the predator.這樣一來,群體成員就能彼此保持安全距離,避免在逃離掠食者時互相撞上。
- by doing so:「這樣做」
- keep a safe distance:「保持安全距離」
- crash into…:「撞上…」
- flee from…:「逃離…」,flee 的三態是 flee-fled-fled
- 112 學測|混合題|第 1 段That being said, I’m definitely a carnivore and prefer meat, but I don’t see anything wrong with choosing one of the fakey-fakey meaty things once in a while—just for a change.話雖如此,我絕對是肉食者,偏好肉,但偶爾為了換換口味,選一個假得很假的肉類產品,我不覺得有什麼不對。
- that being said:「話雖如此」
- carnivore:「肉食者」,吃肉的人或動物
- fakey-fakey:口語,「很假的」
- once in a while:「偶爾」
- for a change:「為了換換口味」
- 112 學測|篇章結構|第 5 段Researchers further point out that in most people synesthesia is active only during the first months of their infancy, while this ability remains forever in certain individuals.研究者進一步指出,大多數人的共感覺只在嬰兒期最初幾個月有作用,但某些人終身保有這種能力。
- infancy:「嬰兒期」,infant 是「嬰兒」
- active:「有作用的」
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- certain individuals:「某些人」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 4 段They found that lowering GABA levels in zebrafish can trigger retina regeneration, while a high level of GABA concentration will suppress the regeneration process.他們發現,降低斑馬魚的 GABA 濃度能觸發視網膜再生,而高濃度的 GABA 則會抑制再生過程。
- lower:這裡是動詞,「降低」
- level:「濃度、水準」
- suppress:「抑制」
- while:表對比,「然而」
- 111 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段Each color holds a special meaning: White stands for peace, green for land and production, while red—the most favored color among the Maasai—is the symbol of unity and bravery.每種顏色都有特殊意義:白色代表和平,綠色代表土地與生產,而紅色是馬賽人最喜愛的顏色,象徵團結與勇敢。
- stand for…:「代表…」
- green for land and production:省略 stands
- while:表對比
- favored:「受喜愛的」
- 110 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Lisa tumbled onto the ground and injured her ankle while she was playing basketball yesterday.Lisa 昨天打籃球時摔倒在地,傷了腳踝。
- injure:「使受傷」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 4 段For one thing, only the husk of the cactus is used for generating biofuel, while its inner flesh is still preserved for food.首先,只有仙人掌的外殼被用來製造生質燃料,內部肉質部分仍保留下來供食用。
- for one thing:「首先」
- generate:「產生」
- preserve:「保留」
- while:這裡表對比,「然而」
- 110 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 2 段Sullivan, while surveying a campground, felt that a cloud was coming after him, and tried all he could to run—but it got him anyway.Sullivan 在勘查露營地時,覺得有一朵雲正追著他來,他盡全力奔跑,但還是被擊中。
- survey:這裡是動詞,「勘查」
- come after:「追趕」
- try all he could to V:「盡全力…」
- got him anyway:「還是擊中了他」,get 在這裡是「擊中」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 4 篇|第 3 段Moreover, each visitor is offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park.此外,每位遊客都可以選擇配戴 GPS Adventure Band,讓他們在園區內能互相追蹤位置。
- be offered the option to V:「被提供…的選擇」
- GPS Adventure Band:「GPS 冒險手環」
- keep track of…:「持續掌握…的位置、動態」
- each other:「彼此」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段The earliest reference to these documents is found in a 15th-century Act of Parliament, while the term “passport” came into use about a century later.最早提到這些文件的紀錄,出現在 15 世紀的一項國會法案中,而「passport」這個詞約一個世紀後才開始使用。
- reference:這裡是「提及、紀錄」
- Act of Parliament:「國會通過的法律」
- come into use:「開始被使用」
- about a century later:「約一個世紀後」
- 110 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段The concept of a travel document, which shows a person is under a ruler’s protection while in a foreign land, has probably existed since rulers and states were first invented.旅行文件的概念,是用來證明一個人身在外國時受統治者保護,這個概念可能從統治者和國家出現之初就存在了。
- travel document:「旅行文件」
- foreign land:「外國土地」
- has probably existed since…:現在完成式 + since
- 109 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段It must be free from impurity, while exhibiting some fruitiness and creating a pleasant bitter flavor along with a peppery sensation in the mouth.它必須不含雜質,同時展現果香,並在口中帶出愉悅的苦味和辛辣感。
- free from…:「不含…」
- exhibit:「展現」
- peppery:「辛辣的」,pepper 是「胡椒」
- 108 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段The size of the food they are about to eat is magnified while that of their hand remains normal.他們即將吃下的食物會被放大,而他們的手仍保持正常大小。
- be about to V:「即將…」
- magnify:「放大」
- while:這裡表對比
- that of their hand:that 指 the size
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段While earworms might be annoying, most people who experience them nevertheless report that they are pleasant or at least neutral.雖然耳蟲可能令人惱怒,大多數經歷過的人仍表示,那是愉快的,或至少是中性的。
- annoying:「惱人的」
- nevertheless:「仍然」
- report that…:「表示…」
- neutral:「中性的」
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 4 段While many of these poles can still be found in various locations on the west coast of North America, there is one pole that can now only be found in a museum—the shame pole.雖然這些柱子有許多仍可在北美西岸各地看到,有一種柱子現在只能在博物館看到,那就是羞辱柱。
- various locations:「各個地點」
- the west coast:「西岸」
- there is one pole that…:「有一種柱子…」,shame pole 是同位語
- 108 學測|閱讀測驗 第 3 篇|第 3 段Those who have positive feelings about their stuck songs prefer to just “let them be,” while those with negative feelings turn to more behavioral responses, which include coping strategies such as singing, talking, or even praying.對卡在腦中的歌有正面感受的人,偏好「順其自然」,而有負面感受的人,則轉向更多行為上的回應,包括唱歌、說話,甚至祈禱等應對策略。
- let them be:「讓它們去吧」
- turn to…:「轉向…」
- behavioral responses:「行為上的回應」
- coping strategies:「應對策略」
- pray:「祈禱」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段In other words, it is a way for you to put the deepest areas of your brain to good use while you're sleeping.換句話說,這是讓你在睡覺時善用大腦最深處區域的方法。
- in other words:「換句話說」
- put…to good use:「善加利用…」
- while you're sleeping:「在你睡覺的時候」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 2 篇|第 1 段While this oil-absorbing feature might not always be so great for our hygiene, it can be great for the environment.雖然這種吸油的特性對我們的衛生不一定好,卻對環境很有幫助。
- while:這裡是「雖然」,表示讓步,前後對比
- oil-absorbing:「吸油的」,absorb 是「吸收」
- feature:「特性」
- 107 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›While the couple were looking anxiously for their missing children, the kids were actually having fun in the woods nearby.這對夫妻焦急地尋找失蹤的孩子時,孩子們其實正在附近的樹林裡玩得很開心。
- while the couple were…:這裡 couple 當「兩個人」,所以用複數 were
- look for:「尋找」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 1 段You must have had this kind of experience: While in the middle of a normal dream, you suddenly realize that you are dreaming.你一定有過這樣的經驗:正在做一個普通的夢時,突然發現自己在做夢。
- must have had:「一定曾經有過」,must have + p.p. 是對過去的肯定推測
- in the middle of…:「正在…當中」
- realize:「發現」
- 107 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段You can be an everyday Jane Doe or John Smith while awake but a superhero while sleeping, regardless of who you are in real life.清醒時你可以是平凡的 Jane Doe 或 John Smith,睡著時卻是超級英雄,不管你在現實中是誰。
- Jane Doe / John Smith:英文裡指「普通人」的假名,像中文的「張三李四」
- regardless of…:「不管…」
- everyday:「平凡的、日常的」
- 107 學測|閱讀測驗 第 2 篇|第 3 段An extremely mild winter allowed more mosquitoes than usual to survive, while the unusually high temperatures in that scorching summer further increased their number by speeding up their life cycle.極為溫和的冬天讓比平常更多的蚊子存活下來,而那個酷熱夏天的異常高溫,又加快了牠們的生命週期,進一步增加了數量。
- extremely mild:「極為溫和的」
- allow A to V:「讓 A 能夠…」
- scorching:「酷熱的」,scorch 是「烤焦」
- more mosquitoes than usual:「比平常更多的蚊子」
- by speeding up…:「藉由加快…」
- life cycle:「生命週期」
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›While winning a gold medal is what every Olympic athlete dreams of, it becomes meaningless if it is achieved by cheating.贏得金牌是每位奧運選手的夢想,但如果是靠作弊得到的,就毫無意義。
- dream of…:「夢想…」
- meaningless:「毫無意義的」
- cheat:「作弊」
- achieve:「達成」
- 106 學測|詞彙題看這一題 ›Due to numerous accidents that occurred while people were playing Pokémon GO, players were advised to be aware of possible dangers in the environment.由於人們玩 Pokémon GO 時發生許多意外,玩家被建議要留意環境中可能的危險。
- due to…:「由於…」,後面接名詞
- occur:「發生」
- be advised to V:「被建議…」
- 105 學測|綜合測驗 第 3 篇|第 2 段While international trade has long been conducted in history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.雖然國際貿易在歷史上早已進行,但它在經濟、社會與政治上的重要性在近幾個世紀不斷上升。
- conduct:「進行」
- on the rise:「在上升」
- recent centuries:「近幾個世紀」
- 105 學測|閱讀測驗 第 1 篇|第 3 段One former prime minister considered it important enough to reveal in his official profile that he was a type A, while his opposition rival was type B.一位前首相認為這很重要,甚至在官方簡歷中透露自己是 A 型,而他的反對黨對手是 B 型。
- prime minister:「首相」
- official profile:「官方簡歷」
- important enough to V:「重要到足以…」,enough 放在形容詞後
- opposition rival:「反對黨對手」
近義字
想把學測單字一次整理好、邊背邊做筆記?
